BME 130 – Genomes Lecture 23 Genome evolution I: Mutations, repair, and recombination.

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BME 130 – Genomes Lecture 23 Genome evolution I: Mutations, repair, and recombination

Transitions A  G C  T Transversions A  C A  T C  G T  G

When and how do mutations happen?

DNA polymerases are not perfect: DNA polIII error rate =~ 1 x 10 -7

Minimizing polymerase error

Polymerase slippage leads to indels

Slippage can get progressively worse

Mutagens and other -agens

Chemical mutagens

Figure 16.6a Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

(nitrous acid)

Physical mutagens

UV radiation

Abasic site

Consequences of mutations

Mutations in gene sequence

Figure Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

Figure Genomes 3 (© Garland Science 2007)

DNA repair

Minor pathway

Recognizes distortion of DNA double helix

Similar concept for eukaryotes; TFIIH helicase is used; transcription coupled repair

Base mismatch: who is right?

DNA break repair

SOS! (why only in bacteria?)

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