English Language Teaching: Approaches and Methods Part 2 Dr. Desmond Thomas, International Academy, University of Essex

Characteristics of CLT Based on the idea of 4 types of communicative competence (grammatical, sociolinguistic, discourse, strategic) and therefore ... Focus on function rather than form Focus on linguistic appropriacy Focus on actual language use

Implications for the CLT classroom Communicative speaking activities Communicative writing activities Use of ‘authentic materials’ Emphasis on S-S interaction and on learner autonomy Attitude to error-making changes Role of the teacher changes

Johnson’s 5 Principles for Communicative Exercises InformationTransfer Principle Information Gap Principle Jigsaw Principle Task Dependency Principle Correction for Content Principle

How CLT changed the world New materials New types of activities New roles for learners New roles for teachers A real challenge for testers: how to assess communicative ability?

CLT in its ‘strong form’

Approaches associated with CLT Humanistic language teaching Task-based learning (Prabhu 1987, Second language pedagogy) Dogme (‘Materials light’) approach (Scott Thornbury)

Further reading Johnson, K. 1982, Communicative Syllabus Design and Methodology, Pergamon Munby, J. 1978, Communicative Syllabus Design, Cambridge University Press