Nutrient Management Workbook 2009 Jon Rausch, Amanda Meddles & Robert Mullen Ohio State University Extension

Objective Development a nutrient management plan for each field of the farming operation. Focus on those utilizing animal manure. Take Home: General understanding of this Nutrient Management Workbook Steps toward and approved Nutrient Management Plan

Outline Identify available soil resources. Identify manure nutrients available. Identify the nutrient needs of growing crop. Identify sources of nutrients available for that crop. Allocate and balance available nutrients by field. Estimate nutrient carry-over, if any, and the value of that carry-over. Identify spreadable acres available for manure application. Estimate number of acres needed to recycle manure nutrients generated by your operation. Identify steps toward an approved plan.

Heritage Lane Farms 2009

Example Farm Throughout this presentation an example is provided based on a farm that is currently housing 37,000 broilers in a 60 x 600 barn. The farm has 200 cropping acres. This farm has a rotation of corn, soybeans and wheat and fertilizes his fields with manure from the poultry operation. This is supplemented with commercial fertilizer when necessary. The field used throughout this book as an example is Brown 1 or B1. It is 30 acres and will be planted in corn. The previous crop was soybeans. Examples based on this scenario can be found in different sections throughout the presentation in gray boxes like this one. Page 1

Soils/Field Data Field Plan EXAMPLE Field Information Brown 160 bu/ac Meq/100g Brown 160 bu/ac 30 20 250 ppm Corn B1 Silt Loam Soybeans lb/ac   OSU Fact Sheet: Soil Sampling, Handling & Testing

Soil Test-Preferred

Yield response NOT likely Yield response likely Increasing  9

Soil Test Critical Values K at CEC P 5 10 20 30 Crop ppm (lb/acre) ppm (lb/acre) Corn 15 (30) 88 (175) 100 (200) 125 (250) 150 (300) Soybean Wheat 25 (50) 10

No Soil Test Nutrient ppm lb/ac P2O5- Corn and soybeans 15 30 Assumes maintenance level Nutrient ppm lb/ac P2O5- Corn and soybeans 15 30 P2O5- wheat and alfalfa 25 50 K2O- all crops 125 250 Nutrient ppm lb/ac P2O5- Corn and soybeans 15 30 P2O5- wheat and alfalfa 25 50 K2O- all crops 125 250 Nutrient ppm lb/ac P2O5- Corn and soybeans 15 30 P2O5- wheat and alfalfa 25 50 K2O- all crops 125 250 Nutrient ppm lb/ac P2O5- Corn and soybeans 15 30 P2O5- wheat and alfalfa 25 50 K2O- all crops 125 250 Nutrient ppm lb/ac P2O5- Corn and soybeans 15 30 P2O5- wheat and alfalfa 25 50 K2O- all crops 125 250 Nutrient ppm lb/ac P2O5- Corn and soybeans 15 30 P2O5- wheat and alfalfa 25 50 K2O- all crops 125 250 Nutrient ppm lb/ac P2O5- Corn and soybeans 15 30 P2O5- wheat and alfalfa 25 50 K2O- all crops 125 250 Page 2

Winter application see page 17 Example Farm Broilers 14.22 53 36 Winter application see page 17

Manure Test-Preferred 14

Manure Nutrients Page 3 Example This broiler example uses book values, due to a lack of manure test results, from Table 3 of 12 lb/ton of NH3-N, 34 lb/ton of Organic N (ON), 53 lb/ton of P2O5 and 36 lb/ton of K2O which will be applied in September and incorporated within 1 day. PAN: (34 x .33) + (12 x .25) = 14.22 lb/ton P2O5: 53 lb/ton K2O: 36 lb/ton PAN is Plant Available Nitrogen. This is the amount of Nitrogen available to the crop based on time of application and method of application. Page 3

Page 3-4

Time of Year page 5

Calculating PAN- Example Farm 12 34 14.22 Test 1 15.1 25% 38.4 33% 16.45 15% diff. PAN worksheet top of page 3

Winter (Frozen & Snow Covered) application see page 17 Example Farm Poultry 14.22 53 36 Winter (Frozen & Snow Covered) application see page 17

Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C

Example Farm Page 5 Example A poultry farmer expects 160 bu/ac of grain corn in field B1. The previous crop was soybeans. Nutrient recommendations without soil test values are: PAN: 160 lb/ac P2O5: 60 lb/ac K2O: 65 lb/ac Page 5

Corn Silage use 1T/ac = 6 bu/ac; 160 bu/ac = 26.6 T/ac silage Page 6

Yield Potential– bu/ac P2O5 Recommendation   Yield Potential– bu/ac Soil Test 100 120 140 160 180 ppm (lb/ac) lb P2O5 per acre 5 (10)1 85 95 110 115 10 (20) 60 70 75 90 15-30 (30-60)2 35 45 50 65 35 (70) 20 25 30 40 (80) Page 6-8

Yield Potential– bu/acre Table 12: Corn K2O Recommendations at CEC level 20 meq/100g   Yield Potential– bu/acre Soil test K 100 120 140 160 180 ppm (lb/ac) lb K2O per acre 50 (100)1 195 200 210 215 220 75 (150) 145 150 165 170 100(200) 95 110 115 125-155 (250-310)2 45 50 60 65 70 165 (330) 25 30 35 175 (350) 1 Values in parentheses are lb/ac. 2 Maintenance recommendations are given for this soils test range. Page 8-10

Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65

Example - Liquid Fertilizer (used in this example) 5 gal/ac of 10-34-0 are applied at planting. The fertilizer contains 10% PAN, 34% P2O5, and 0% K2O. The application rate is 5 gal/ac x 11.7 lb/gal = 58.5 lb/ac. PAN: 58.5 lb/ac x 10% = 6 P2O5: 58.5 lb/ac x 34% = 20 K2O: 58.5 lb/ac x 0% = 0 Example - Dry Fertilizer Diammonium phosphate has a blend of (18-46-0) applied at 150 lb/ac. The fertilizer contains 18% PAN, 46% P2O5 and 0% K2O. PAN: 150 lb/ac x 18% = 27 lb/ac P2O5: 150 lb/ac x 46% = 69 lb/ac or 14 lbs/ac K2O: 150 lb/ac x 0% = 0 lb/ac

Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0

Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65

Example The poultry farmer decides to base his application rate on the nitrogen need of the corn crop. Field B1 needs 154 lb/ac of PAN (from E: Additional Nutrients Needed) and the manure has a value of 14.22 lb/ton. PAN Application Rate = 154 lb/ac / 14.22 lb/ton = 10.8 ton/ac If he chose to use P2O5: 40 lb/ac / 53 lb/ton = 0.75 ton/ac If he chose to use K2O: 65 lb/ac / 36 lb/ton = 1.8 ton/ac Page 12 See also: NRCS-633, Table 4, page 13

Manure Nutrients Applied Nutrient Applied (lb/ac) Application rate (ton/ac) 10.8 0.75 1.8 N (14.22lb/ton) 154 11 26 P2O5 (53lb/ton) 572 40 95 K2O (36lb/ton) 389 27 65

Determining Application Rate “P” Soil Test Level Application Criteria Bray-Kurtz P1 < 80 Lbs/Ac LOW POTENTIAL N rate or P2O5. Bray-Kurtz P1 80 – 200 Lbs/Ac MODERATE POTENTAL N rate or P2O5 removal for rotation, whichever is less. 200-300 Lbs/Ac HIGH POTENTIAL N rate or P2O5 removal for rotation, whichever is less PLUS additional setback criteria from drainageway/water source/concentrated flow areas and/or other environmentally sensitive areas. Bray-Kurtz P1 > 300 Lbs/Ac VERY HIGH POTENTIAL No additional P2O5 – Use P2O5 Draw-down Strategies

Manure Nutrients Applied Example Manure Nutrient Values for field B1 are 14.22 lb/ton of PAN, 53 lb/ton of P2O5 and 36 lb/ton of K2O. The application rate calculated previously was 10.8 ton/ac. However, he cannot apply more than 250 lb/ac of P2O5. Therefore his application rate will be 4 ton/ac. PAN: 14.22 lb/ton x 4 ton/ac = 57 lb/ac P2O5: 53 lb/ton x 4 ton/ac = 212 lb/ac K2O: 36 lb/ton x 4 ton/ac = 144 lb/ac   Page 13

Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 4 -57 -212 -144

Additional Nutrients PSNT: Pre Side-dress Nitrogen Test Applicable for fields with history of manure application Designed to capture ON cycling Sample just prior to side-dress N application Indicator of NO3-N + NH4-N available 30 ppm sufficient PAN, low probability of yield response with additional N 0 – 30 ppm, higher probability of yield response with additional N Page 13

Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 4 -57 -212 -144 0 0 0

Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 4 -57 -212 -144 0 0 0 97 -172 -79

Nutrient Worksheet Example: Remaining Nutrients for P2O5: 172 / 60 = 2.8 Remaining Nutrients for K2O: 79 / 65 = 1.2 Page 14

Nutrient Carry-over Apply based on N needs of crop when applicable and P for rotation. 2.8 year carry-over means the need for more P is not likely for 2-3 years, but dependant upon crop rotation and soil test level.

Example Nutrient Worksheet ton/ac gal/ac D Starter Fertilizer Applied J Years to Next Nutrient Application Additional Nutrients Needed E Manure Application Rate F G Manure Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance Additional Nutrients Applied H Crop Nutrient Needs C 160 60 65 -6 -20 -0 154 40 65 4 -57 -212 -144 0 0 0 97 -172 -79 2.8 1.2

Nutrient Worksheet K L M Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) Value of Excess Nutrients Applied M Manure Storage Management Volume Applied = Volume Remaining =

Backside of worksheet

Common Set-backs Page 15

Nutrient Worksheet K L M Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) Value of Excess Nutrients Applied M Manure Storage Management Volume Applied = Volume Remaining = 28.9

Example I: Crop Nutrient Balance shows a negative number for P2O5 and K2O which means there is an over application of those nutrients. There is an excess of 212 lb/ac of P2O5 and 79 lb/ac of K2O. The current market prices for fertilizer are: N= $0.89/lb P2O5= $1.35/lb K2O= $1.10/lb P2O5: 172 lb/ac x $1.35/lb x 28.9 ac = $6,710.58 K2O: 79 lb/ac x $1.10/lb x 28.9 ac = $2,511.41 Total dollars in excess nutrients applied to field B1 equals $9,221.99 $1,839 $1,484 $3,323 Fertilizer value used June ‘09: Urea = $420/ton = $0.46/lb N DAP $500/ton = $0.37/lb P2O5 Potash $770/ton = $0.65/lb K2O Page 18

Nutrient Worksheet K L M Spreadable Acreage (field sketch on back) Value of Excess Nutrients Applied M Manure Storage Management Volume Applied = Volume Remaining = 28.9 $9,221.99 $3,323

Example A farmer has 37,000 broilers in his 60 x 600 barn excreting 0.18 pounds of manure/bird/day. 37,000 broilers x 0.18 lb/day x 365 days = 2,430,900 lb/yr = 1,215 ton/yr 1 pound = 0.0005 short tons This example assumes 365 day/year one-time clean out. You will need to fine-tune this to accurately reflect your situation. Page 19

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Manure Production Broilers 1,215 tons 0.18 lb/day 37,000 365 1,215 ton/yr 1,215 tons Does not include bedding or other additions to storage

Manure Storage Management– Example for Section M on page 22 Year 1 Annual Prod. 1,215 ton Date Field Volume Applied Remaining B1 116 ton 1,099 ton Year 2 No appl. Year 3 Year 4

Total Nutrients Available 1,215 tons available = $ 36, 567 (PAN, P2O5, K2O) Total PAN = 1,215 * 14.22 = 17,277 lb 17,277 lb / 160 lb/ac = 108 ac 17,277 lb/2,000 lb/ton * $420/ton = $3,628 TN Total P2O5 = 1,215 * 53 = 64,395 lb 64,395 lb/ 60 lb/ac = 1,073 ac 64,395 lb/2,000 lb/ton * $500/ton =$16,099 Total K2O = 1,215 * 36 = 43,740 lb 43,740 lb / 65 lb/ac = 673 ac 43,740 lb / 2,000 lb/ton * $770/ton = $16,840

Manure Application Records Field record book Emergency contact information Spill response information Equipment information Detailed ‘day-of-application’ information Winter application guidelines

Break Pick up pencil + calculator

Corn Silage Example Change planned crop to Corn Silage (26 T/ac) following Grain Corn (160 bu/ac) Application (April-June) with direct inject/incorporate.

Corn Silage use 1T/ac = 6 bu/ac; 160 bu/ac = 26.6 T/ac silage Page 6

Yield Potential– tons/acre Corn Silage (26 T/ac)   Yield Potential– tons/acre Soil Test 20 22 24 26 28 ppm (lb/ac) lb P2O5 per acre 5 (10)1 115 125 130 135 140 10 (20) 90 100 105 110 15-30 (30-60)2 65 75 80 85 35 (70) 35 40 45 40 (80) Page 8

Yield Potential– tons/acre Corn Silage (26 T/ac) Table 16: Corn Silage K2O Recommendations at CEC level 20 meq/100g   Yield Potential– tons/acre Soil test K 20 22 24 26 28 ppm (lb/ac) lb K2O per acre 50 (100)1 300 75 (150) 280 295 100(200) 230 245 260 125 (250)2 180 195 210 145 (290) 110 120 125 135 145 165 (330) 35 40 45 50 175 (350) 1 Values in parentheses are lb/ac. 2 Maintenance recommendations are given for this soils test range. Page 10

Time of Year page 5

Calculating PAN- Example Farm April/June 12 75% 34 33% 20.22 PAN worksheet top of page 3

Heritage Lane Farms Broilers 20.22 53 36

Heritage Lane Farms 190 85 230 -6 -20 4 103 -147 86 1.7 C Crop Nutrient Needs 190 85 230 D Starter Fertilizer Applied -6 -20 E Additional Nutrients Needed 184 230 65 F Manure Application Rate ton/ac gal/ac 4 G Manure Nutrients Applied -81 -212 -144 H Additional Nutrients Applied I Crop Nutrient Balance* 103 -147 86 J Years to Next Nutrient Application 1.7

Manure Value Change What is the per acre change in manure nutrient value when the application period changes from Sept-Oct to April-June? Only PAN changed. 14.22 lb/ton (Sept-Oct) 20.22 lb/ton (April-June) 20.22 – 11.22 = 6 lb/ton Price of N = $0.65/unit of N 6 units * $0.65 = $3.90/ton $11.70 - $15.60 / acre (3 – 4 ton/ac)

Summary Balanced nutrient inputs to match crop nutrient needs + soil resources(?) Soil test is necessary for full utilization of nutrient inputs. Application of nutrients beyond crop needs and soil carrying capacity increases risk of nutrient moving off-site. Economic loss ($$$) When, where, how and how much are important questions to ask.

Summary Nutrient sampling/testing is necessary to “fine-tune” a nutrient management program. Testing provides you a tool to make an “educated guess.” Nutrient management workbook used as a tool to: Verify current nutrient management practices. Identify more efficiently uses of on-farm nutrients. others

Questions Amanda Meddles, meddles.14@osu.edu, 614-292-6625 Jon Rausch, rausch.7@osu.edu, 614-292-4504 http://oema.osu.edu