SLIDE 1IS 257 – Fall 2005 Database Life Cycle and Introduction to Access University of California, Berkeley School of Information Management and Systems SIMS 257: Database Management

SLIDE 2IS 257 – Fall 2005 Lecture Outline Review Database Models Database Life Cycle Access and the Diveshop Database

SLIDE 3IS 257 – Fall 2005 Database Environment CASE Tools DBMS User Interface Application Programs Repository Database

SLIDE 4IS 257 – Fall 2005 Database Components DBMS =============== Design tools Table Creation Form Creation Query Creation Report Creation Procedural language compiler (4GL) ============= Run time Form processor Query processor Report Writer Language Run time User Interface Applications Application Programs Database Database contains: User’s Data Metadata Indexes Application Metadata

SLIDE 5IS 257 – Fall 2005 Terms and Concepts Database DBMS Data Independence Metadata –Data Dictionary

SLIDE 6IS 257 – Fall 2005 Terms and Concepts Enterprise –Organization Entity –Person, Place, Thing, Event, Concept... Attributes –Data elements (facts) about some entity –Also sometimes called fields or items or domains Data values –instances of a particular attribute for a particular entity

SLIDE 7IS 257 – Fall 2005 Terms and Concepts Records –The set of values for all attributes of a particular entity –AKA “tuples” or “rows” in relational DBMS File –Collection of records –AKA “Relation” or “Table” in relational DBMS

SLIDE 8IS 257 – Fall 2005 Terms and Concepts Key –an attribute or set of attributes used to identify or locate records in a file Primary Key –an attribute or set of attributes that uniquely identifies each record in a file

SLIDE 9IS 257 – Fall 2005 Terms and Concepts DA –Data adminstrator - person responsible for the Data Administration function in an organization –Sometimes may be the CIO -- Chief Information Officer DBA –Database Administrator - person responsible for the Database Administration Function

SLIDE 10IS 257 – Fall 2005 Terms and Concepts Data Administration –Responsibility for the overall management of data resources within an organization Database Administration –Responsibility for physical database design and technical issues in database management Data Steward –Responsibility for some subset of the organization’s data, and all of the interactions (applications, user access, etc.) for that data

SLIDE 11IS 257 – Fall 2005 Lecture Outline Review Database Models Database Life Cycle Access and the Diveshop Database

SLIDE 12IS 257 – Fall 2005 Terms and Concepts Models –(1) Levels or views of the Database Conceptual, logical, physical –(2) DBMS types Relational, Hierarchic, Network, Object- Oriented, Object-Relational

SLIDE 13IS 257 – Fall 2005 Models (1) Conceptual Model Logical Model External Model Conceptual requirements Conceptual requirements Conceptual requirements Conceptual requirements Application 1 Application 2Application 3Application 4 Application 2 Application 3 Application 4 External Model External Model External Model Internal Model

SLIDE 14IS 257 – Fall 2005 Data Models(2): History Hierarchical Model (1960’s and 1970’s) –Similar to data structures in programming languages. Books (id, title) PublisherSubjects Authors (first, last)

SLIDE 15IS 257 – Fall 2005 Data Models(2): History Network Model (1970’s) –Provides for single entries of data and navigational “links” through chains of data. SubjectsBooks Authors Publishers

SLIDE 16IS 257 – Fall 2005 Data Models(2): History Relational Model (1980’s) –Provides a conceptually simple model for data as relations (typically considered “tables”) with all data visible.

SLIDE 17IS 257 – Fall 2005 Data Models(2): History Object Oriented Data Model (1990’s) –Encapsulates data and operations as “Objects” Books (id, title) PublisherSubjects Authors (first, last)

SLIDE 18IS 257 – Fall 2005 Data Models(2): History Object-Relational Model (1990’s) –Combines the well-known properties of the Relational Model with such OO features as: User-defined datatypes User-defined functions Inheritance and sub-classing

SLIDE 19IS 257 – Fall 2005 Lecture Outline Review Database Models Database Life Cycle Access and the Diveshop Database

SLIDE 20IS 257 – Fall 2005 Database System Life Cycle Growth, Change, & Maintenance 6 Operations 5 Integration 4 Design 1 Conversion 3 Physical Creation 2

SLIDE 21IS 257 – Fall 2005 The “Cascade” View Project Identifcation and Selection Project Initiation and Planning Analysis Logical Design Physical Design Implementation Maintenance See Hoffer, p. 41

SLIDE 22IS 257 – Fall 2005 Design Determination of the needs of the organization Development of the Conceptual Model of the database –Typically using Entity-Relationship diagramming techniques Construction of a Data Dictionary Development of the Logical Model

SLIDE 23IS 257 – Fall 2005 Physical Creation Development of the Physical Model of the Database –data formats and types –determination of indexes, etc. Load a prototype database and test Determine and implement security, privacy and access controls Determine and implement integrity constraints

SLIDE 24IS 257 – Fall 2005 Conversion Convert existing data sets and applications to use the new database –May need programs, conversion utilities to convert old data to new formats.

SLIDE 25IS 257 – Fall 2005 Integration Overlaps with Phase 3 Integration of converted applications and new applications into the new database

SLIDE 26IS 257 – Fall 2005 Operations All applications run full-scale Privacy, security, access control must be in place. Recovery and Backup procedures must be established and used

SLIDE 27IS 257 – Fall 2005 Growth, Change & Maintenance Change is a way of life –Applications, data requirements, reports, etc. will all change as new needs and requirements are found –The Database and applications and will need to be modified to meet the needs of changes

SLIDE 28IS 257 – Fall 2005 Another View of the Life Cycle Operations 5 Conversion 3 Physical Creation 2 Growth, Change 6 Integration 4 Design 1

SLIDE 29IS 257 – Fall 2005 Lecture Outline Review Database Models Database Life Cycle Access and the Diveshop Database

SLIDE 30IS 257 – Fall 2005 Test Database The DiveShop database contains information for the business operations of a skin & scuba diving shop that: –Organizes trips to particular locations (destinations) with various dive sites –Dive sites have various features including types of marine life found there other features (like shipwrecks) –Rents/Sells equipment to dive customers for particular trips.

SLIDE 31IS 257 – Fall 2005 ER Diagrams Entity-Relationship Diagrams are one of the main tools for database design We will examine ER diagrams in greater detail later ER Diagrams show Entities (rectangles) and their attributes (ovals) and the relationships between entities (diamonds)

SLIDE 32IS 257 – Fall 2005 Diveshop Entities: SITES Destination no Site no Site Name Site Notes Site Highlight Distance From Town (M) Distance From Town (Km) Skill Level Visibility(ft) Depth (m) Depth (ft) Sites Visibility (m) Current

SLIDE 33IS 257 – Fall 2005 Diveshop Entities: DIVECUST Name Customer no Street State/ProvCity ZIP/Postal Code Country First Contact Phone DiveCust

SLIDE 34IS 257 – Fall 2005 Diveshop Entities: DEST Destination name Destination no Avg Temp (F) Spring Temp (F) Avg Temp (C) Summer Temp (C) Summer Temp (F) Travel Cost Winter Temp (C) Fall Temp (F) Fall Temp (C) Dest Winter Temp (F) Accommodations Body of Water Night Life Spring Temp (C)

SLIDE 35IS 257 – Fall 2005 Diveshop Entities: BIOLIFE Category Species no Common Name Length (cm) Species Name Length (in) Notes external Graphic external BioLife

SLIDE 36IS 257 – Fall 2005 Diveshop Entities: SHIPWRCK Site no Ship Name Category InterestTypeTonnage Length (ft) Beam (m) Beam (ft) Length (m) Shipwrck Cause Comments external Date Sunk Passengers/ Crew Graphic external Survivors Condition

SLIDE 37IS 257 – Fall 2005 Diveshop Entities: DIVESTOK Description Item No Equipment Class Reorder Point On HandCost Sale Price DiveStok Rental Price

SLIDE 38IS 257 – Fall 2005 Diveshop Entities: DIVEORDS Customer No Order no Sale Date Ship Via Destination CCExpDate CCNumber Payment Method DiveOrds No of People Vacation Cost Return Date Depart Date

SLIDE 39IS 257 – Fall 2005 Diveshop Entities: DIVEITEM Item no Order no Rental/ Sale Qty Line Note DiveItem

SLIDE 40IS 257 – Fall 2005 Diveshop Entities: BIOSITE Species No Site No BioSite

SLIDE 41IS 257 – Fall 2005 Diveshop Entities: SHIPVIA Ship Via Ship Cost ShipVia

SLIDE 42IS 257 – Fall 2005 DiveShop ER Diagram Customer No ShipVia Dest Sites BioSite ShipVia ShipWrck BioLife DiveStok DiveItem DiveOrds DiveCust Customer No ShipVia Order No Order No Item No Item No Destination Name Destination Species No Site No Destination no Site No Destination no Species No Site No /n 1 1 n n n n n n n n 1

SLIDE 43IS 257 – Fall 2005 Diveshop Additions Over the course of the semester we (mostly me) will be expanding and modifying the Diveshop to include additional data (and entities) Most likely inclusions are charter boat bookings for particular destinations, boat operators (captains) and dive masters

SLIDE 44IS 257 – Fall 2005 Assignment 1 (also online) How many tons was the sunken ship Delaware? What is customer Karen Ng’s address? At what destinations and sites might you find a Spotted Eagle Ray? Where (what destination) is the site Palancar Reef? What sites might Lorraine Vega dive on her trip? Keith Lucas wants to see a shipwreck on his trip. Is he going to the right place? What equipment is Richard Denning getting? What is the cost of the equipment rental for Louis Jazdzewski

SLIDE 45IS 257 – Fall 2005 Assignment 1: cont. The Database is available on the course web site Download your own copy For each of the questions create a query in Access. Create a document (Word, etc.) containing –The query being answered –The results of your query cut and pasted from Access Due date Sept. 14