Electronic Fare Collection CEE582

Vehicle-Based Systems (Fixed-Route) Exterior Route and Destination Announcements Electronic Destination Sign Vehicle Systems Sensors Next Stop Announcements Next Stop Displays GPS Receiver On-Board Automatic Vehicle Location and Mobile Processing Smart Card Reader and Processing Wireless Data On-Off Load Data Radio/ Message and AVL Transmission Automatic Passenger Counters Status Information for Transit Signal Priority Driver Interface and Display Digital Security Cameras Collision Avoidance Emergency Alarm Vehicle-Based Systems (Fixed-Route) Exterior Route and Destination Announcements Electronic Destination Sign Vehicle Systems Sensors Next Stop Announcements Next Stop Displays GPS Receiver On-Board Automatic Vehicle Location and Mobile Processing Smart Card Reader and Processing Wireless Data On-Off Load Data Radio/ Message and AVL Transmission Automatic Passenger Counters Status Information for Transit Signal Priority Driver Interface and Display Digital Security Cameras Collision Avoidance Emergency Alarm CEE582

Fare Collection Evolution Cash only Tickets and tokens Monthly pass Magnetic stripe pass Smart card CEE582 Electronic

Electronic Fare Collection Benefits “Seamless” regional travel Encourage ridership Faster boarding Regional revenue reconciliation Customer convenience & fare incentives Administrative & operational efficiencies Easier to track revenue and ridership –Route, Bus stop, Time of day CEE582

Smart Cards Plastic card with imbedded chip –Contact –Contactless –Combi Value options –Number of rides –Valid time period –Electronic purse (stored value) –Combination of the above CEE582

Smart Card Benefits Replaceable (if registered) New capabilities –Marketing incentives (eg. 10th ride free) –Distance-based fares –Multi-purpose Social services benefits CEE582

Smart Card Implementation Issues Limit fare media to just Smart Cards and cash? How to distribute How to check value How to add value Where is clearing house function for multi- agency cards? –Collecting and disbursing revenue CEE582

More Implementation Issues Privacy Transit-only or multi-use Contact, contactless or combi cards –Maintenance –Multi-purpose requirements Card longevity vs. cost Current lack of standards CEE582

Central Puget Sound Smart Card Project counties bus, rail & ferry agencies 3M pop/1.6M commuters 7-39% inter-county commuters 130M annual trips $160M annual revenue 3rd most congested US traffic 7 agency system cost estimate: $17M - $28M CEE582

Project Demonstration Equipment CEE582

Operating Concept Highlights One System: –Common fare collection system for bus, ferries and rail. One Fare Medium: –Smart card replaces 300 pass and ticket types and some cash and provides new fare incentives. One Service Contract: –Vendor provides 10 regionally consistent customer and clearinghouse services. CEE582

Operating Concept Highlights Three Primary System Functions: –On-board/terminal/station fare collection –Automatic fare vending and card revalue options –Regional revenue & data reconciliation Fare Policy: –Region-wide standard pass categories and transfer policies –Agency-specific fares and incentives. CEE582

Systems Integration Onboard Bus: smart card driver control unit with farebox, radio, AVL, destination signs Bus-to-Base: wireless data on/offload communications Security (potential): employee I.D., building/parking/computer access, other municipal uses CEE582

Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) CEE582

Major Elements of BRT 1.Running Ways 2.Stations 3.Vehicles 4.Fare Collection 5.ITS 6.Operations Planning 7.Image/Identity/Branding CEE582

BRT Concepts Reducing Travel Times –Running Way Travel Time –Station Dwell Time –Wait Time –Transfer Time Making Travel Times More Reliable –Running Way Reliability –Station Dwell Reliability Improving the Image –Identity –Branding –Community Integration CEE582

More BRT Concepts Enhancing the Passenger Experience –Accessibility –Passenger Comfort –Passenger Safety –Passenger Security Making Systems More Efficient –High Capacity –Enhanced Revenue –Enhanced System Management CEE582

Ottawa, Ontario CEE582

Los Angeles, California CEE582

Boston, Massachusetts CEE582

Curitiba, Brazil CEE582

BRT ITS Elements Vehicle Prioritization –Signal Timing / Phasing –Station and Lane Access Control –Transit Signal Priority IVI Technology –Collision Avoidance –Collision Warning –Lane Assist –Precision Docking Technology CEE582

More BRT ITS Elements Fare Collection –Station-based Electronic Fare Payment –Vehicle-based Electronic Fare Payment Operations Management –Advanced Communication System –Automated Scheduling Dispatch System –Vehicle Mechanical Monitoring –Vehicle Tracking CEE582

And Still More BRT ITS Elements Passenger Information –Traveler Information at Station/Stop –Traveler Information on/for Person –Traveler Information on Vehicle –Trip Itinerary Planning Other Technology –Archived Data –Passenger Counter –Silent Alarms –Voice and Video Monitoring CEE582

BRT Results In one year Silver Line ridership increased 84% from 7,625 passengers a day to more than 14,000 Metro Rapid Demonstration Wilshire/Whittier Corridor Ventura Corridor Operating Speeds Up 29%Up 23% RidershipUp 32.6%Up 26.4% CEE582

Connection Protection CEE582

Transfer Point Coordination Transfers: –A necessary evil for fixed route service Transfers allow: –Access between more locations –More frequent service to all locations at the same cost –High volume movements to major points –Small vehicle service to low volume points CEE582

Transfer Point Coordination People don’t like to transfer –Takes too much time –Effected by the weather –Worried about missing connections Frequent headways help –For many locations, frequent headways are not possible “Connection Protection” facilitates transfers -- especially from frequent services to less frequent services CEE582

Salt Lake City, Utah Improve reliability of transfers from TRAX to selected connecting bus routes System constantly monitors train schedule adherence – looks at estimated arrival times at next 3 stations If the lateness of the train is within a pre-determined threshold, a “Hold” instruction is sent to connecting buses CEE582

Object Detection and Collision Avoidance CEE582

Frontal Collision Warning CEE582

Side Obstacle Detection Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania Ultrasonic sensors CEE582

Paratransit Routing and Scheduling CEE582

Vehicle-Based Systems (Demand-Response) GPS Receiver Smart Card Reader and Processing Wireless Data On-Off Load Data Radio/ Message and AVL Transmission Driver Interface and Display Emergency Alarm Demand Response Routing and Scheduling Demand Response Trip Request Eligibility Confirmation Demand Response Performance Data Demand Response Service Dispatch and Vehicle Tracking Paratransit Fare Structure Demand-Response Central Control Demand-Response Revenue Data Internet-Based Demand-Response Service Status Customer Information CEE582

Transit Vehicle Communications Standards CEE582

Capabilities Collection of: –Automated vehicle location information –Operational data (e.g., automated passenger counts and electronic fare payment information) and maintenance data (e.g., vehicle status and operating parameters) Providing: –Transit vehicle driver with electronic dispatch and routing instructions –Traveler information to the vehicle, which in turn can provide it to the transit users. Support for emergency or "Mayday" alerts from the transit vehicle CEE582

Transit Communication Interface Protocols (TCIP) Spatial Representation Scheduling/Runcutting Passenger Information Onboard Integration Incident Management Fare Collection Control Center Rules for Standardizing Street Names and Route Ids Message Set and Data Dictionary for Advanced Traveler Information Systems CEE582