1 Impact of Changes in Science, Technology, and Medicine

2 Dwight D. Eisenhower Commanding General of European forces during WWII. Commanding General of European forces during WWII. Became President of the United States in Became President of the United States in Is famous for his, "There must be no second class citizens in this country," quote. Is famous for his, "There must be no second class citizens in this country," quote. Was concerned with the impact science and technology could have on the health of the United States. Was concerned with the impact science and technology could have on the health of the United States. Promoted the Polio vaccination during his presidency. Promoted the Polio vaccination during his presidency.

3 Polio On April 12, 1955, Dr. Jonas E. Salk announced that a vaccine had been developed for Polio. On April 12, 1955, Dr. Jonas E. Salk announced that a vaccine had been developed for Polio. Polio was an acute viral infectious disease spread from person-to- person. Polio was an acute viral infectious disease spread from person-to- person. While roughly 90% of polio infections are asymptomatic, affected individuals can exhibit a range of more severe symptoms if the virus enters the blood stream. While roughly 90% of polio infections are asymptomatic, affected individuals can exhibit a range of more severe symptoms if the virus enters the blood stream. In less than 1% of polio cases the virus enters the central nervous system infecting and destroying motor neurons. In less than 1% of polio cases the virus enters the central nervous system infecting and destroying motor neurons. The destruction of motor neurons causes muscle weakness and paralysis. The destruction of motor neurons causes muscle weakness and paralysis.

4 Polio

5 Polio Polio also caused severe respiratory problems in many of it's victims. Polio also caused severe respiratory problems in many of it's victims. These respiratory problems forced many to be put inside Iron Lungs. These respiratory problems forced many to be put inside Iron Lungs. An Iron Lung is today's version of a respirator. An Iron Lung is today's version of a respirator.

6 Atoms for Peace On December 8, 1953, President Eisenhower addressed the General Assembly of the United Nations. On December 8, 1953, President Eisenhower addressed the General Assembly of the United Nations. In his address, Eisenhower discussed the United State's Atomic program. In his address, Eisenhower discussed the United State's Atomic program. He stressed the importance of knowing just how devastating atomic weapons are. He stressed the importance of knowing just how devastating atomic weapons are. He outlined what the allies need to do in order to create a peaceful world. He outlined what the allies need to do in order to create a peaceful world. The Soviet Union had mixed reactions to Eisenhower’s Atoms for Peace address. The Soviet Union had mixed reactions to Eisenhower’s Atoms for Peace address.

7 Interstate and Defense Highways Eisenhower saw first hand how the Germans effectively used highways to transport military goods. Eisenhower saw first hand how the Germans effectively used highways to transport military goods. He was motivated to introduce a national system of interstate and defense highways. He was motivated to introduce a national system of interstate and defense highways. For years before he took office plans were in the works to build such a system, but it lacked funding. For years before he took office plans were in the works to build such a system, but it lacked funding. The initial cost estimate for the system was $25 billion over twelve years; The initial cost estimate for the system was $25 billion over twelve years; it ended up costing $114 billion and taking 35 years to complete, when the last traffic light was removed from I-90 in it ended up costing $114 billion and taking 35 years to complete, when the last traffic light was removed from I-90 in 1991.

8 Space Race The '''Space Race ''' was an informal competition between the US & USSR The '''Space Race ''' was an informal competition between the US & USSR lasted from 1957 to lasted from 1957 to It involved the parallel efforts by each of those countries to explore space with artificial satellites, to send humans into space, and to land people on the Moon It involved the parallel efforts by each of those countries to explore space with artificial satellites, to send humans into space, and to land people on the Moon The Space Race effectively began after the Soviet launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, The Space Race effectively began after the Soviet launch of Sputnik 1 on October 4, the Sputnik satellite = 1 st ever satellite in orbit the Sputnik satellite = 1 st ever satellite in orbit

9 Soviet Space Program Soviets had early success in space Soviets had early success in space Serge Korolyov = the head of the Soviet space program Serge Korolyov = the head of the Soviet space program First animal to enter Earth orbit, Laika on Sputnik 2 (1957) First animal to enter Earth orbit, Laika on Sputnik 2 (1957) April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet Cosmonaut, became the 1 st man in space April 12, 1961, Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet Cosmonaut, became the 1 st man in space August 1962, the Soviets put two men into space simultaneously August 1962, the Soviets put two men into space simultaneously First woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova, Vostok 6 (1963) First woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova, Vostok 6 (1963) March 1965, the Soviets demonstrated the 1 st successful “space walk” March 1965, the Soviets demonstrated the 1 st successful “space walk”

10 JFK & the Space Program Early Soviet successes in space made many Americans believe that the U.S. was lagging too far behind Early Soviet successes in space made many Americans believe that the U.S. was lagging too far behind JFK established the goal of beating the Soviets to the moon JFK established the goal of beating the Soviets to the moon Research began for the Apollo Program Research began for the Apollo Program Goal = to land a man on the moon by the end of the decade Goal = to land a man on the moon by the end of the decade

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12 Media Citations Slide 2: e.jpg Slide 2: e.jpg e.jpg e.jpg Slide 3: Slide 3: Slide 4: Slide 4: Slide 5: Slide 5: Slide 6: Slide 6: Slide 7: Slide 7: Slide 8: Slide 8: Sputnik: Sputnik: Russian Stamp: Russian Stamp: Slide 9: Slide 9: Russian Stamp: Russian Stamp: Russian Rocket: Russian Rocket: Yuri Gagarin: Yuri Gagarin: Slide 10: Slide 10: Slide 11: Slide 11: