Health Psychology +=. Key Concepts  Health Psychology  Health Psychology: health is the influence of both our physiology (diet/exercise) and psychology.

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Presentation transcript:

Health Psychology +=

Key Concepts  Health Psychology  Health Psychology: health is the influence of both our physiology (diet/exercise) and psychology (stress/social support).  Lifestyle  Lifestyle: the patterns of our everyday decisions which characterize our behavior.  Stress  Stress: personal response to events that threaten to disrupt our daily behaviors.

General Adaptation Syndrome  Alarm  Resistance  Exhaustion COGNITIVE APPRAISAL

Autonomic Nervous System Sympathetic  Fight or Flight Eyes open Wide Mouth Goes Dry Hr Increase Start to Sweat Parasympathetic  Maintenance & Refuel Eyes constrict Mouth Waters Digestion Blood away from muscles

Relationship between Stress & Health  Level of stress (Holmes & Rahe, 1967)  Length of the stressor (Cohen et al., 1998) p. 498

Stress Buffers  Social Support  Optimism vs. Pessimism  Exercise p. 503

Coping Strategies Optimists  Problem-focused  Suppress competing activities  Look for social support Pessimists  Denial/ Distancing  Disengage from goal  Focus on their feelings p. 503

Yerkes-Dodson law

Strategies for Health Education  Health Belief Model (Becker, 1974)  PRECEDE Model (Green, 1984)  Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1977)  Stages of Change (Prochaska & DiClemente, 1983) Elder, Apodaca, Parra-Medina, &DeNuncio (1998)

Overlapping Ideas  Strong positive intention to change.  Min of barriers.  Posses the skills.  “Believe” in the intervention  Perceive the behavior as normal.  Consistent with self- schema.  “Feel” good about the behavior.  Receive reinforcement from your environment.

Health Belief Model 1. Perceived threat 2. Belief a behavior will alleviate stress

Influence of Social Factors  Individualistic Perspective  Religion  Cultural/Social Isolation –SES –acculturation

Risk Factors & Wellness Risk Factors  Smoking  Diet  Exercise  Alcohol Interventions  Social Support  Contingency Contracts  Extinction  Drug therapy Problems  Cardiovascular  Cancer  Overweight  Korsokov’s  Risky Behaviors

Prevention  Primary Prevention: reduce the occurrence of the illness. –Gain Framing  Secondary Prevention: decrease the severity of the illness. Importance of early detection. –Loss Framing