Learning and Memory in Schizophrenia J. Daniel Ragland Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS

Memory is not analogous to a computer hard disk Binding the disparate aspects of an event makes it a coherent episodic memory

Retrieval involves multiple processes Familiarity Recollection

Schizophrenia Causes Memory Problems Heinrichs & Zakzanis (1998); Sitskoorn et al (2004) Effect Size Present in Neuroleptic Naive FE Patients Saykin et al. (1994) Not Due to Medication, Duration, or Severity of Clinical Symptoms Aleman et al. (1999) Longitudinally Stable except in Late Life Censits et al. (1997); Harvey et al. (2001) Present in Unaffected Relatives Cannon et al. (1994); Glahn et al. (2007 ) Predicts Functional Outcome Green (1996); Nuechterlein (2011) Patients with Schizophrenia

Related to Organizational Problems during Encoding u Failure to Organize Semantically Related Lists (Gold et al., 1992; Brebion et al., 1997) That can be Remedied by Providing Strategy Controls Patients u Normal LOP Effect (Ragland et al., 2003) u Recall Deficit Eliminated Through Blocking & Cueing (McClain et al., 1983)

Particularly for Familiarity and Item Encoding Ragland et al., Schiz Bull, in press

Problems related to PFC Deficits that can be Remedied with Behavioral Interventions Without Encoding Strategy Prefrontal Activity Greater In Controls Than Patients With Encoding Strategy ControlsPatientsBoth No Group Diference Ragland et al., (2005) Amer J PsychiatryRagland et al., (2004) Amer J Psychiatry

Future Directions Develop New Pharmacological Treatments - CNTRICS Initiative ( - Use of Pharmaco-fMRI Optimize Cognitive Training Procedures - Link Improvements in Cognition to Improvements in Functional Outcome Early Identification and Intervention - Improve Understanding of Developmental Processes

Thank YOU UCD Transl. Cog. & Affective Neurosci. Cameron Carter Joshua Phillips Tyler Lesh Michael Minzenberg Tara Niendam Jong Yoon UCD Department of Psychology Charan RanganathAndy Yonelinas Laura LibbyArne Eckstrom Kristin FlegalWei-Chun Wang UCD Center for Mind & Brain Simona Ghetti Steve Luck UC Berkley Silvia Bunge Kepa Paz-Alonso Rob Blumenfeld UCSF Department of Psychiatry Rachael Lowey Sophia Vinogradov Daniel Mathelon Research supported by NIMH grants R01MH084895, R01MH059883, and R24MH083734S1 University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee Deborah Hannula