Chapter 10. What is Memory?What is Memory? Sensory MemorySensory Memory Short-Term or Working MemoryShort-Term or Working Memory Long-Term MemoryLong-Term.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 10

What is Memory?What is Memory? Sensory MemorySensory Memory Short-Term or Working MemoryShort-Term or Working Memory Long-Term MemoryLong-Term Memory Remembering and ForgettingRemembering and Forgetting

What is Memory? The cognitive processes of encoding, storing, and retrieving information

Information Processing Mechanisms of Memory EncodingEncoding StorageStorage RetrievalRetrieval

Information Processing: Stages of Memory The Environment Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory Long-Term Memory

Sensory Memory Iconic MemoryIconic Memory Echoic MemoryEchoic Memory

CYGV RKMS W PJX CYGV RKMS W PJX

GPCSGPCSWXYRWXYRJKMVJKMVGPCSGPCSWXYRWXYRJKMVJKMV

KWXVKWXVRCJSRCJSYPMGYPMGKWXVKWXVRCJSRCJSYPMGYPMG

Short-Term (Working) Memory Sensory to Short Term (or lost!)Sensory to Short Term (or lost!) Magic Number 7 (+/- 2)Magic Number 7 (+/- 2) Limited in capacity and durationLimited in capacity and duration

Forgetting in STM DecayDecay Displacement (interference)Displacement (interference)

Primacy Vs. Recency Effect An Activity An Activity

Long-Term Memory Short-Term to Long-Term Memory:Short-Term to Long-Term Memory: –Rehearsal –Encoding Relatively PermanentRelatively Permanent Duration and Capacity may be indefiniteDuration and Capacity may be indefinite

Organization of Long-Term Memory Procedural (subcortical)Procedural (subcortical) Declarative (cortical)Declarative (cortical) –Semantic –Episodic

Encoding Strategies MnemonicsMnemonicsMnemonics –Verbal Organization –Visual Imagery/Method of Loci –

Memory Storage Limbic System: amygdala; hippocampusLimbic System: amygdala; hippocampus Cortex (sensory modality)Cortex (sensory modality)

Memory Retrieval Retrieval CuesRetrieval Cues Context EffectsContext Effects Automatic Memory Retrieval (Stroop)Automatic Memory Retrieval (Stroop) ReconstructionReconstruction –False memories –Eyewitness Testimony

State-Dependent Memory

Forgetting Forgetting as Encoding FailureForgetting as Encoding FailureEncoding Forgetting as a Storage ProblemForgetting as a Storage Problem Forgetting as Retrieval FailureForgetting as Retrieval Failure –Tip of the tongue –Retrieval cues

Remembering and Interference Retroactive Interference (Inhibition)Retroactive Interference (Inhibition) Proactive Interference (Inhibition)Proactive Interference (Inhibition)

When Forgetting Doesn’t Occur PermastorePermastore Flashbulb MemoriesFlashbulb Memories

Memory Disorders Anterograde AmnesiaAnterograde Amnesia Retrograde AmnesiaRetrograde Amnesia Dementia vs. AlzheimersDementia vs. Alzheimers

End of Chapter 10

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