Jacoby, Stangeland and Wajeeh, What is Corporate Finance? Corporate Finance deals with the following questions What long-term investments should be undertaken (Capital Budgeting)? building, machinery equipment Where will you get the long-term financing to invest (Capital Structure)? Bring other owners (issue equity/stocks) Borrow (issue debt/bonds) How will you manage the company’s short-term cash flow (Working Capital Management)? Collecting from customers paying suppliers Chapter 1

Jacoby, Stangeland and Wajeeh, The Balance-Sheet Model Current Liabilities Long-Term Debt Shareholders’ Equity Current Assets Fixed Assets Tangible Intangible ASSETS LIABILITIES

Jacoby, Stangeland and Wajeeh, The Balance-Sheet Model Long-Term Debt Shareholders’ Equity Net Working Capital Fixed Assets Tangible Intangible ASSETS LIABILITIES

Jacoby, Stangeland and Wajeeh, Forms of Business Organization The Sole Proprietorship Formed by a single individual uSimplest and least regulated uOwner keeps all profits and pays taxes as personal income uOwner has an unlimited liability uCease to exist once the owner dies or withdraws uCannot raise equity beyond the owner’s wealth (limits growth)

Jacoby, Stangeland and Wajeeh, Forms of Business Organization The Partnership Formed by 2 or more individuals/legal entities General Partnership An agreement b/w partners to provide work/cash and share profits/losses Unlimited liability Limited Partnership Limited liability for some partners (not involved in management) Simple and easy to form Owners pay taxes as personal income Cease to exist once a general partner dies or withdraws difficult to raise equity

Jacoby, Stangeland and Wajeeh, Forms of Business Organization The Corporation A distinct legal entity owned by one or more individuals/legal entities More complicated (articles of incorporation, bylaws) Liquidity and marketability of ownership Control (shareholders, directors, managers) Limited liability Continuity of Existence Double taxation

Jacoby, Stangeland and Wajeeh, Goals of the Corporate Firm The Agency Problem Goal of the shareholders (principals) Maximize the shareholders’ wealth Goal of the managers (agents) Maximize the corporate wealth

Jacoby, Stangeland and Wajeeh, Separation of Ownership and Control Board of Directors Management Assets Debt Equity ShareholdersDebtholders

Jacoby, Stangeland and Wajeeh, Shareholders’ Control Devices Shareholders elect the board of directors, who hire/fire the management Management compensation plans The takeover threat Competition in the managers job market Shareholders Ability to Control the Firm Depends on Monitoring costs Costs of applying control devices Benefits of controls Agency Costs

Jacoby, Stangeland and Wajeeh, Financial Markets and the Corporation Money Markets For short-term debt instruments Capital Markets For long-term debt and equity Primary Markets Original sale of securities by gov’t and corporations, via public offerings requires registration with the OSC with proper disclosure involve considerable accounting, legal, and selling costs private placements avoid regulation and costs Secondary Markets Where securities are bought/sold after original sale. 2 types: Dealer markets (OTC) - no physical location Auction Markets (TSE, MSE, VSE)