DEFINITION FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS INTRODUCTION DEFINITION FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS

FOOD SCIENCE

DEFINITIONS Scientific study of raw food materials and their behavior during formulation, processing, packaging, storage and evaluation as consumer food product IFT – discipline in which biology, physical sciences and engineering are used to study the nature of foods, causes of deterioration and principles underlying food processing

NUTRITION How body uses food after we eat them to promote or maintain health American Medical Association – the nutrients and other substances in food, their action, interaction, and balance in relation to health and disease and the processes by which the organism ingests, digests, absorbs, transports, utilizes, and excretes food substances Food science overlaps with nutrition

WEIGHTS AND MEASUREMENTS

MEASURES United States generally volume measurements Density = mass or weight per volume Density of items not equal; 1c of flour = 4 oz while 1c of tarragon = 1 oz Consistency in weights or measures best

EXAMPLES FLOUR – best if sifted prior to measuring due to compacting by particles SOLID FATS – room temperature to become plastic; press into measure to force out air SUGAR – no sifting unless lumpy BROWN SUGAR – press into measure until it holds its shape LIQUIDS – read at eye level MENISCUS – curved concave line on upper surface of liquid; read at lowest level

EQUIPMENT Dry measures Liquid measures – glass, transparent in order to see meniscus and read at eye level Dry ingredients – spoon ingredients into measure then level off with straight edge

WEIGHTS Generally more accurate Use metric system or pounds/ounces

METRIC SYSTEM Based on science rather than custom Decimal system based on multiples of 10 Basic units: Weight = grams Volume = liter Length = meter

TERMS Milli = 1000 or 0.001 Centi = 100 or 0.01 Deci = 10 or 0.1 Meter = 10 decimeters, 100 centimeters, 1000 millimeters Kilometer = 1000 meters

TEMPERATURES Fahrenheit scale (F) Celsius scale (C) used with metric system

CONVERSIONS Freezing: 320F or 00C Boiling: 2120F or 1000C