Breakout Template Don Figer RIT, RIDL

3 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium Charge to Breakout Sessions Breakout groups will determine: – the most pressing questions in their area that leverage QLIDs – the most important detector characteristics for answering these questions – the specific technologies that are most promising for achieving these characteristics – the hurdles for implementing these technologies – the R&D roadmap for overcoming these hurdles – the funding opportunities for executing the R&D roadmap The four areas are: – biomedical – astrophysics – Earth system science – defense/homeland security Group leads will present findings in the final session of the workshop. 3

4 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium Breakout Session Leads Biomedical Tim Tredwell Astrophysics Don Figer Earth Systems Science Jeff Puschell Defensee/Homeland Security Mark Bocko 4

5 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium The Top Five Problems for Detectors: Defense 1.Tactical Battlefield Sensing (provide useable info in multiple environments, urban, etc. 2.Persistent Surveillance (local, point) 3.Strategic surveillance (global, broad area) 4.IED detection (threat detection in general) 5.Identification (physical, chemical, biometric) 6.“x-ray” vision through structures, walls, clothing, etc.. 5

6 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium The Top Detector Characteristics for: Defense 1.Size, weight and power (cost) 2.Dynamic range (recovery from overload, jamming) 3.Low light response 4.Resolution (spatial) 5.Robustness (environmental, radiation, temp) 6.Merged multimodal – fusion 7.Usability (ergonomics, interoperability, open info models) 8.Push basic signal processing to focal plane 9.Spectral resolution (varies with wavelength range and app) 6

7 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium The Most Promising Detector Technologies for: Defense & HS 1.GM-APD: zero read noise, single photon sens 2.Linear-mode APD’s (will they reach QL) 3.CMOS – Digital Focal Plane Array readout 4.Micro-bolometers 5.Nano-structured devices: porous Si, QDIPs, QWIPs etc. 6.MCP 7

8 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium Hurdles for the Most Promising Detector Technologies for: Defense & HS 1.Process compatibility between detector materials and readout materials (hybrid vs. monolithic) 2.Cost effectiveness of “exotic” detector materials 3.Noise: Electronic readout, intrinsic detector noise (dark current) 4.Optimal electronic designs to leverage CMOS scaling 5.Compatibility of optics for multi-mode sensors 6.Speed of operation (depends on application) 8

9 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium Detector R&D Roadmap for: Defense & HS 1.No one roadmap but several destinations of interest (enablers) 2.Advanced hybridization (1,2) 1.Chip to chip 2.Chip to wafer 3.Wafer to wafer 4.Monolithic fabrication 3.Advanced Readouts (3,4,6) 1.Scaled CMOS 1.Digital readouts 2.Readout specific process implications 2.Augmented CMOS (SOI) 1.Lower voltages, heterogeneous voltage req’ts 4.High performance detector materials and designs 9

10 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium Funding Possibilities: Defense & HS 1.NASA ROSES APRA PIDDP 2.DARPA MTO 3.MDA 4.NRO 5.AFOSR, ARO 6.NSF 7.Google (real-time street-view) 10

11 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium Reference Chart: Key Detector Characteristics Dark Current Dark Current λ/Δλ QE λ λ Read Noise Read Noise ΔtΔt ΔtΔt Quantum-Limited Imaging Detector P P Earth System Science Earth System Science Biomedical Imaging Biomedical Imaging Homeland Safety Homeland Safety Defense

12 IT Collaboratory 2009 Research Symposium Detector Performance Requirements for: Astrophysics 12 ParameterCurrentGoal Format Pixel Size Read Noise Dark Current QE Latent Image Flux Rate Capacity Operating Temperature Fill Factor Radiation Immunity Susceptibility to Radiation Transients Technology Readiness Level