Examples of central bank balance sheets (Lecture U. Bindseil, Berlin, 29 April 2011)
2 Reichsbank 1900
3 Reichsbank 1922
4 Latvia 2000
5 Ghana 2000
6 BoE
7 Main operational measures - Fed
8 Main operational measures - ECB
9 Eurosystem monetary policy operations across time
10 Excess Liquidity: comparative perspective Excess LiquidityExcess Liquidity as % of banknotes ECB March bn EUR< 5% ECB Nov/Dec bn EUR 29% Fed March bn USD 160% BoE March bn GBP270%