Models of Problem-Based Learning

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Models of Problem-Based Learning George Watson ghw@udel.edu with contributions from Deborah Allen, Barbara Duch Susan Groh, Valerie Hans, and Hal White Institute for Transforming Undergraduate Education University of Delaware Workshops on Problem-Based Learning International Islamic University Malaysia www.udel.edu/pbl/IIUM

Discussion Think about a course in which you would like to use or are using PBL. What barriers do you anticipate or have you encountered in structuring that course?

Factors in Choosing a Model Class size Intellectual maturity of students Student motivation Course learning objectives Instructor’s preferences Availability of peer facilitators

Medical School Model Dedicated faculty tutor Groups of 8-10 Very student-centered Group discussion is primary class activity A good choice for Highly motivated, experienced learners Small, upper-level seminar classes

Floating Facilitator Model Instructor moves from group to group Asks questions Directs discussions Checks understanding Group size: 4 More structured format: greater degree of instructor input into learning issues and resources

Floating Facilitator Model Class activities besides group discussions: Groups report out Whole class discussions Mini-lectures A good choice for Less experienced learners Small- to large-sized classes

“Hybrid” PBL Non-exclusive use of problem-driven learning in a class May include separate lecture segments or other active-learning components Floating or peer facilitator models common

Peer Facilitator Model Advanced undergraduates serve as facilitators Help monitor group progress and dynamics Serve as role models for novice learners Capstone experience for student facilitators A good choice for Classes of all sizes

Dealing with Large Classes Floating facilitator or peer facilitator models are the most appropriate Requires a more teacher-centered, structured format: instructor directs group activities Group size: 4 Numbers advantage in dealing with group vs. individual papers, projects