Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine For “the structure and functional organization of the cell” Christian de Duve George E. Palade Albert Claude

Modern Cell Biology – Structure and Function A Membrane Bound Perspective Electron microscope available Albert Claude – Rockefeller Institute used EM for visualizing cells Invented differential centrifugation and went on to discover the endoplasmic reticulum George Palade – Discovered ribosomes and determined that they carry out protein synthesis Went on to show that vesicles travel from ER to golgi to outside of the cell Christian de Duve – Used fractionation to isolate groups of enzymes discovered lysosome and perioxisome

A WELL-KNOWN TECHNIQUE FOR USING 35 S OR 3 H TO STUDY PROTEIN MOVEMENT WITHIN A CELL

After 10 minutes, insulin moves from ER to Golgi Pulse of pancreatic B cells with 3 H After 45 minutes, the protein is found in the secretory granules

Flourescence Recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) Flourescence loss in photobleaching (FLIP) pg 608 in your book

Three main types of coated vesicles:

Clathrin is also involved in receptor mediated endocytosis

BOTH Clathrin and COPI/II assembly requires GTPases