Chronemics/Time How humans use and structure time Cultural examples Business examples
Proxemics/Distance Intimate- skin contact to 18 inches Personal-18 inches to 4 ft. Social- 4 to 12 ft. Public – 12 ft to 25 ft. Workspace – 50 ft. is the distance within which most “knowledge ecology” occurs Dating - ?????
Clothing/Physical Attractiveness Speaker credibility Economic status Educational level Social status Level of sophistication Uniforms High status/low status dress
Haptics/Touch Relationship based Studies with infants Waitresses – haptics as persuasion
Voice Paralanguage: nonverbal vocal messages Research shows that listeners pay more attention to the vocal messages than to the words that are spoken when asked to determine a speaker’s attitude.
Face & Eyes Most noticed and most powerful. Six basic emotions that facial expressions reflect and are recognizable in and between all cultures.
Postures & Gestures Kinesics: the study of body movement, gesture and posture.
Characteristics of nonverbal Culture bound Ambiguous Primarily relational* Intentional or Unintentional Continuous Multiple channels
What you are stands over you … and thunders so that I cannot hear what you say to the contrary. Ralph Waldo Emerson
Functions of Nonverbal Communication Repeating Substituting Complementing Accenting Regulating Contradicting Deceiving