Cloud Computing and Virtualization Sorav Bansal CloudCamp 2010 IIT Delhi

Cloud Computing Synonyms Platform-as-a-service Software-as-a-service Grid Computing (Sun) Utility Computing (IBM) Ubiquitous computing … IBM Mainframes

What has changed? Connectivity Many small-to-medium sized users Maintenance cost Device Variety Cost model Pricing model Are we going back to the mainframes?

IBM Mainframes (circa 1960) IBM Mainframe VMM OS App Was a good idea because hardware was expensive

Modern Cloud Environments (2010) “Cloud-OS” OS App

“Cloud-OS” Infrastructure Layer (slave) + Management layer (master) Divide hardware into resource pools Unit of abstraction = VM Efficient Effective Isolation Dynamic Fault-Tolerant

Virtualization “Add-ons” Addons: Record/Replay Monitoring Security Software Version Control Virtual Appliances

Virtual Machine Monitor Hardware Support (IBM Mainframes 1960s, Intel VT/AMD-V 2006) – Simple and fast to develop – Expected to be faster Binary Translation (VMware 1998) – More flexible – Often faster ParaVirtualization (Xen 2003) – Much more efficient – But… can only run a particular kernel (e.g., modified version of Linux) on it

The VM Abstraction CPU cores, Memory, I/O Devices Virtual Machine Monitor (VMM) Hardware Virtual Hardware Guest OS 2 App Virtual Hardware Guest OS 1 App

Traditional Architecture Hardware Virtual Machine Monitor Linux Linux (devel) XPVistaMacOS

Hosted Monitor Architecture Hardware Kernel module User app Virtual Machine Monitor Host OS (Windows XP) Guest OS (Linux)

VMware ESX 2.0 Source:

Xen 3.0 Source: Ottawa Linux Symposium 2006 presentation.

Client Virtualization VMM on client computers – Management (Software Version Control) – Homogeneity (Gold image) – Security (e.g., VMware ACE) – Mobility (e.g., Moka5) – Desktop-as-a-service?

Virtualization IIT Delhi Developing a client-side VMM – For performance (binary translation) – For security (client-side checks) – Installable on an existing OS – Transparent to user