“Teaching the Science, Inspiring the Art, Producing Aviation Candidates!” Instrument Flying A Brief Overview Written for the Notre Dame Pilot Initiative By the Pilots of the University of Notre Dame Written for the Notre Dame Pilot Initiative By the Pilots of the University of Notre Dame

RoadmapRoadmap  Overview  Navigation  Airways  Holding Patterns  Approaches  Regulations  Overview  Navigation  Airways  Holding Patterns  Approaches  Regulations

IntroIntro  Purpose  To fly in IMC  Greater proficiency  Privileges  File/Fly an IFR flight plan  Fly in IMC  Fly in Class A  Fly SVFR at night  Purpose  To fly in IMC  Greater proficiency  Privileges  File/Fly an IFR flight plan  Fly in IMC  Fly in Class A  Fly SVFR at night

IntroIntro  Requirements  50 hours cross-country PIC  40 hours of actual or simulated instrument  One cross country flight under IFR  Requirements  50 hours cross-country PIC  40 hours of actual or simulated instrument  One cross country flight under IFR

IntroIntro  Requirements  50 hours cross-country PIC  40 hours of actual or simulated instrument  One cross country flight under IFR  Requirements  50 hours cross-country PIC  40 hours of actual or simulated instrument  One cross country flight under IFR

BasicsBasics  Driving 1.On-Ramp 2.Highway 3.Off-Ramp  Driving 1.On-Ramp 2.Highway 3.Off-Ramp  Flying 1.SID (DP) 2.Airway 3.STAR

NavigationNavigation  Point-to-Point (Airway) Flying:  VOR  Very-High Frequency Omnidirectional Range  NBD  Nondirectional Radio Beacon  LORAN  GPS  Direct Routing  GPS  INS  Point-to-Point (Airway) Flying:  VOR  Very-High Frequency Omnidirectional Range  NBD  Nondirectional Radio Beacon  LORAN  GPS  Direct Routing  GPS  INS

AirwaysAirways  Include airspace within 4nm of each side of centerline  Victor  Low Altitude – 1,200AGL – 17,999MSL  Jet  High Altitude – 18,000MSL – FL450  Include airspace within 4nm of each side of centerline  Victor  Low Altitude – 1,200AGL – 17,999MSL  Jet  High Altitude – 18,000MSL – FL450

AltitudesAltitudes  Minimum En Route Altitude (MEA)  Ensures navigation signal reception and adequate obstacle clearance  Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOCA)  Provides obstacle clearance  Minimum En Route Altitude (MEA)  Ensures navigation signal reception and adequate obstacle clearance  Minimum Obstruction Clearance Altitude (MOCA)  Provides obstacle clearance

Holding Patterns  Reasons  ATC Delays  Weather  Airport Closed  Parts  Reasons  ATC Delays  Weather  Airport Closed  Parts

Instrument Approaches  Precision – Lateral and Vertical Guidance  ILS  MLS  PAR  GPS  Non-Precision – Lateral Guidance Only  LOC  VOR  NDB  GPS  SDF  LDA  ASR  Precision – Lateral and Vertical Guidance  ILS  MLS  PAR  GPS  Non-Precision – Lateral Guidance Only  LOC  VOR  NDB  GPS  SDF  LDA  ASR

ILSILS  Instrument Landing System  “Crown Jewel”  Components  Localizer (lateral guidance)  Glideslope (vertical guidance)  Marker beacons  Instrument Landing System  “Crown Jewel”  Components  Localizer (lateral guidance)  Glideslope (vertical guidance)  Marker beacons

ILSILS

Instrument Approach Charts  NACO (Government)  Jeppesen  NACO (Government)  Jeppesen

RegulationsRegulations  Currency  May not fly IFR or in IMC unless within the past 6 months you have flown:  6 instrument approaches  Holding procedures  Intercepting and tracking of courses  If not met, you have 6 months to become current  If 12 months pass, you must pass an Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC)  Safety Pilot  Currency  May not fly IFR or in IMC unless within the past 6 months you have flown:  6 instrument approaches  Holding procedures  Intercepting and tracking of courses  If not met, you have 6 months to become current  If 12 months pass, you must pass an Instrument Proficiency Check (IPC)  Safety Pilot

Communications Failure  All flights should be planned in anticipation of two-way radio failure  Route  Assigned  Vectored  Expected  Filed  Altitude  Assigned  Minimum for Flight  Expected  All flights should be planned in anticipation of two-way radio failure  Route  Assigned  Vectored  Expected  Filed  Altitude  Assigned  Minimum for Flight  Expected