Infrastructure for Electronic Government, An Overview Adegboyega Ojo and Tomasz Janowski UNU-IIST

e-Government Infrastructure What is it? A set of basic services and tools that enables the development and execution of electronic public services (e-services). It provides services that are typically used by many e-services. It is foundational and its usage spans several agencies. A platform for facilitating the interoperability of e-services.

e-Government Infrastructure Need The likely future for e-Government: growing number of offered e-services a web of relations emerging between e-services more agencies involved, more complex services increased level of sophistication and interactivity more users reached with more devices industry taking over e-service development

e-Government Framework citizen business government visitor stakeholders visas VAT tax residence ID check travel info work permit legal status recruitment messaging emergency consulates e-government services driving license social welfare export permit business license business license e-government infrastructure lifecycle privacy security tracking upload authentication workflow messaging search download government departments Legal Affairs Civil Affairs Real Estate Statistics & Census Economic Services Financial Services Health Bureau SAFP

Infrastructure Functions Typical infrastructure functions: administration downloading uploading logging authentication privacy security personalization tracking messaging - e-service lifecycle support - document download - document upload - user request logging - verification of user identity - protection of user identity - forbidding unauthorised access - adapting e-services to user preferences - progress tracking of requests - message exchange between agencies

e-Service Infrastructure Design Time Run Time e-Services e-Welfare e-License e-Portal e-Health xG2G xG2G xG2G xG2G network Infrastructure Frameworks functional interfaces Services GovWF xG2G front office Components upload download logging tracking notification … back office … GovWF xG2G management interfaces … deployment activation monitoring Management Services … undeployment testing deactivation

Major Elements Five major infrastructure elements: Front Office Framework Back Office Framework Government-wide Workflow Extensible Message Gateway Infrastructure Management Service

Element 1 - Front Office Front Office Infrastructure: A framework consisting of Java APIs for developing Front Office part of e-service applications. A Front Office Service for processing basic FO requests.

Element 2 - Back Office Back Office Infrastructure: A framework consisting of Java APIs for developing Back Office part of e-service applications. Provides an interfaces for interacting with Workflow Engines. Provides two components for process tracking and notification. Interfaces with the Extensible Messaging Gateway.

Element 3 – GovWF Workflow Infrastructure: Processes requests received from a one-stop government portal. Associates requests with services offered by different agencies. Orchestrates high level processes.

Element 4 – xG2G Messaging Infrastructure: Allows agency applications to exchange information. Supports dynamic creation of channels and members. Supports channel extensions, such as logging, validation, transformation, etc.

Element 5 - IMS Infrastructure Management Services: Manages the lifecycle of infrastructure services and frameworks. Monitors the provision of infrastructure services. Controls the behavior of infrastructure services.

Development Principles Openness – using technologies and tools compliant with open standards e.g. XML, Web Services and Web Services Distributed Management Interoperability – considering technical, semantic and organizational interoperability e.g. use of XML schemas and BPEL process definitions Reliability – ensuring that infrastructure elements are manageable, e.g. using web service management frameworks like WSDM

Development Approach e-Service Frameworks and Basic Services: study of existing prototype G2C and G2B e-services study of business processes for core services identification of commonalities in processes requirement synthesis and modeling architecture and design modeling component- and service-oriented architecture based on Java, J2EE, XML and Web Services technologies. GovWF, xG2G and IMS: typical software process applied: Requirements, Modeling, Design Implementation relevant implementation technologies like BPEL and WSDM adopted