SESSION 9 THE INTERNET AND THE NEW INFORMATION NEW INFORMATIONTECHNOLOGYINFRASTRUCTURE

The New Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure for the Digital Firm Enterprise Networking Creates a company-wide network linking many smaller networks Internetworking Links separate networks into an interconnected network Enterprise Networking and Internetworking

Connectivity Measures how well computers and computer-based devices communicate and share info with one another Open System information systems that use common standards for hardware, software, applications and networking Operate on different hardware platforms Standards and Connectivity for Digital Integration

Protocol Soup

Models of Connectivity for Networks Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) Standards and Connectivity for Digital Integration

(TCP/IP) Reference Model Figure 9-2 Standards and Connectivity for Digital Integration

Application TCP IP Data Link Physical layer Application protocol Transport protocol IP protocol Data Link protocol Physical medium: e.g., Ethernet cable PC-1 PC-2 PC to PC Communication using TCP/IP RequestHTTP TCP RequestHTTP IPTCP RequestHTTP Ethernet IPTCP RequestHTTP RequestHTTP TCP RequestHTTP IPTCP RequestHTTP Ethernet IPTCP RequestHTTP

Internet Follows a hierarchical structure Internet backbone: collection of main network connections Network access points (NAP): the point where several connection converge Internet Service Providers (ISP) connect with one another through NAP Commercial organization with a permanent connection to InternetCommercial organization with a permanent connection to Internet Sells temporary connections to subscribersSells temporary connections to subscribers Internet Technology and Services

Client/Server Computing on the Internet Figure 9-3 Internet Technology and Services

Internet Addressing Domain name: a name that identifies a unique host or web sites on the internet IP address: a unique four part numeric address for each computer connected to the internet Domain name system: translation of the domain names into IP addresses URL (Uniform Resource Locator): address that uniquely identifies files, web pages, images or other type of documents that resides on the Internet Internet Technology and Services

Analysis of an Internet Address Figure 9-4 Internet Technology and Services

Electronic Mail ( ) Connects people worldwide Creates productivity gain Telnet Network tool Allows users to log on to one computer system while working on another File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Tool for retrieving and transferring files from a remote computer Internet Technology and Services

The World Wide Web Based on a standard hypertext language called hypertext markup language (HTML) Combines text, hypermedia, graphics, and sound Handles all types of digital communication Uses graphical user interfaces for easy viewing To access a web site, the user must specify uniform resource locator (URL) Hypertext protocol (http): communications standard used to transfer pages on the Web

Search Engine Locates specific sites or information on Internet We page owners register their URLs with search engines or spiders traverse the Web and identify web pages to index Shopping Bot Software with varying levels of built-in intelligence Helps electronic commerce shoppers locate and evaluate products or services Searching for Information on the Web

“Push” technology A computer broadcasts information of interest directly to the user, rather than having the user “pull” content from Web sites Searching for Information on the Web

Firewall Hardware or software placed between an organization’s internal network and external network Prevents outsiders from invading private networks Extranets Private intranets extended to authorized users outside company Intranets and Extranets

Figure 9-5 Model of an Extranet

Connectivity and global reach Reduced communication costs Internet telephony Virtual private network (VPN) Lower transaction costs Reduced agency costs Interactivity, flexibility, and customization Accelerated distribution of knowledge Organizational Benefits of Internet and Web Technology

Support Technology for Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business Locate and manage web pages requested by the client Include tools for authenticating the users Support for file transfer protocol (FTP) Capture Web site visitor information in log files Hit Entry into Web server’s log fileEntry into Web server’s log file Generated by each request to the server for a fileGenerated by each request to the server for a file Web Servers and Electronic Commerce Servers

Collecting and storing data Combining data with already stored data Analyzing the data Identifying customer preferences and trends Clickstream tracking tools and collaborative filtering software Customer Tracking and Personalization Tools Support Technology for Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business

Software to facilitate collection, assembly, and management of content on Web site, intranet, or extranet Monitors time taken for downloading Web pages Identifies broken links between Web pages, Web site problems, and bottlenecks Web Content Management Tool Web Site Performance Monitoring Tool Support Technology for Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business

Company with large Web server computers maintains Web sites of fee-paying subscribers The subscriber or the hosting company create the web pages Col-location: firm actually purchases and owns the server computer housing its web site, but located the server at hosting company Web Hosting Services Support Technology for Electronic Commerce and Electronic Business

Management Issues and Decisions Loss of management control Connectivity and application integration challenges Organizational change requirements Hidden costs of enterprise computing Scalability, reliability, and security The Challenge of Managing the New Information Technology Infrastructure

Change management Education and training Data administration disciplines Planning for connectivity and application integration Some Solutions Management Issues and Decisions