Marx on Unions. Knights of Labor Knights of Labor Knights of Labor Formed as a semi-secret society in 1869. Did not admit “unproductive” bankers, lawyers,

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Birth of Unions And the Progressive Era. The American Federation of Labor Different groups of skilled workers (craftsman) had formed small labor unions.
Advertisements

Anna Mercaldi, Christina Reyes and Nicole Sanclemente.
Labor In The Late 1800s Labor Force Distribution
Business in America: Labor.  Since 1970, the size of the labor force has doubled.  In those years, the number of workers belonging to a labor union.
Collective Responses to Work
Unit 4 Microeconomics: Business and Labor Chapters 9.3 Economics Mr. Biggs.
Chapter 13 Section 4 The Great Strikes.
Unions in your minds What are Unions About? What are Unions About? What is your image of a union leader? What is your image of a union leader?
U.S Union Membership as % of the Workforce. Union Membership (in millions)
APUSH Labor Union Review. Labor Union Organizations  Shoemakers in PA (1790’s)  Mechanics Union (1820’s)  Molly Maguire's in PA (1860’s)  Freemasons.
Workers Unite. The Workforce  Immigrants arrived in big cities and stayed because they could not afford to travel any further  Spent all their money.
Labor Relations © Nancy Brown Johnson, 2000
Dealing with Employee- Management Issues and Relationships
The Organization of Labor
The Growth of Unions Two factors related to the changing status of labor: Industrialization. As American factories mechanized, they no longer needed.
The Growth of Unions Knights of Labor First significant national labor organization with local chapters in cities throughout the United States. Membership.
Workers fight to end exploitation.  1 st were called trade unions  Began as a way to provide help in bad times  Goals:  shortened workdays  higher.
Labor Unions. Middle Class Emerges as industries rise Made up of individuals who work administrative jobs for companies Salaried employees Higher demand.
Key Facts About Labor Unions, Labor Laws, and Labor Strikes.
Labor Force Distribution The Changing American Labor Force.
SECTION 5-4. Working in the United States Deflation- rise in the value of money. Added tensions between workers and employers.
Rise of Organized Labor (1877 – 1910)
WORKERS & UNIONS.  While industrial growth produced wealth for the owners of factories, mines, railroads, and large farms, people who performed work.
5:4 Two types of workers in the U.S. In the 1800's – Craft Workers: specialized skill and training – Common Laborers: few skills and lower wages ● As Industrialization.
Workers Organize The Labor Movement Effects of Industrialization More workers in the work force Loss of personal freedoms Gap grew between workers and.
Labor Unions “We do want more, and when it becomes more, we shall still want more. And we shall never cease to demand more until we have received the results.
Enhancing Union-Management Relations
Labor Labor Unrest: Knights of Labor Terence Powderly “An injury to one is the concern of all!” Mother Jones.
Labor Unions From the NLU to today. Why unionize? American Civil War spawned a boom in US industry Factory owners had almost total control over hours.
WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF A LABOR UNION?. Labor Union  an organization of workers formed for the purpose of advancing its members' interests in respect.
Reforming the New Industrial Order Female and Child Laborers  In 1900 the average laborer worked 10 hours a day, six days a week for about $1.50 a day.
Employment, Labor and Wages.  “Labor” refers to people with all their abilities and efforts; one of four factors of production, does not include the.
The American Labor Movement: The Formative Years ( )
The Growth of the American Labor Movement APUSH #1. HOW DID INDUSTRIALIZATION IMPACT AMERICA’S CLASS STRUCTURE?
The Labor Movement
Management vs. Labor “Tools” of Management “Tools” of Labor  “scabs”  P. R. campaign  Pinkertons  lockout  blacklisting  yellow-dog contracts 
Labour History Chapter 4 © 2012 Nelson Education Ltd.
LABOR HISTORY REVIEW! Antebellum “Labor Movement” From Masters to Managers (Late 1700s to early 1800s) –Philadelphia’s Federal Society of Journeyman.
Understanding Labor- Management Relations Chapter 11.
The Changing American Labor Force Child Labor.
The Changing American Labor Force Child Labor.
Labor Movement In United States ( ) Why did workers attempt to organize? Low wages Long work hours Forced to sign “ironclad oaths” or “yellow.
Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved Union-Management Relations Labor union –An organization of workers acting together to negotiate their.
DQ: Struggles of Labor What kind of problems did workers who had jobs during the Great Depression face? What kind of problems did workers who had jobs.
The great curse of the Old World-the division of society into classes has come to America. The Nation The great curse of the Old World-the division.
The Corporation A form of business organization that became increasingly popular during the Industrial Revolution As businesses got bigger, it took larger.
The Changing American Labor Force Child Labor.
Labor Unions CE.E.3.3 – Analyze various organizations in terms of their role and function in the U.S. economy.
Journal Questions 1). What was the name of the Republicans who wanted to punish the South after the Civil War? 2). What political group wanted to make.
Impact of Industrialization  By 1900, the United States had surpassed Great Britain, France, and Germany as the leading industrial power in the world.
Unit 5: An Industrial America Part III: Workers and Unions.
American Labor The Labor Force é Who is in the Labor Force? é 16 years or older é working é looking for work é Who is not in the Labor Force? é military.
TOPIC 2: Industry and Immigration ( )
The Rise of Unions Workers were against the increasing power of big business workers formed unions Unions were workers’ organizations designed to.
Aim: Were unions successful in securing rights for workers?
The Rise of Big Business
Monopolies - exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices.
LABOR UNIONS AND POLITICAL MACHINES
The Labor Movement.
Chapter 5.4 Unions.
Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
The Role of Labor.
The American Labor Movement: The Formative Years ( )
Chapter 5 Industrial Revolution
Labor Unions Linkage Institutions.
Aim: How did Labor Unions ultimately gain support from the public and government?
APUSH Review: Labor Unions
The Labor Movement.
The American Labor Movement: The Formative Years ( )
Presentation transcript:

Marx on Unions

Knights of Labor Knights of Labor Knights of Labor Formed as a semi-secret society in Did not admit “unproductive” bankers, lawyers, doctors, stockholders, gamblers, liquor dealers Formed as a semi-secret society in Did not admit “unproductive” bankers, lawyers, doctors, stockholders, gamblers, liquor dealers Became a public organization in 1879, more directly involved in union activities Became a public organization in 1879, more directly involved in union activities Admitted women (Mother Jones), blacks and unskilled labor Admitted women (Mother Jones), blacks and unskilled labor Over 1 million members by 1886, wins several successful railroad strikes Over 1 million members by 1886, wins several successful railroad strikes Decline: Haymarket Riot, Failed strikes after Pinkerton and militia repression, AFL woos away skilled workers Decline: Haymarket Riot, Failed strikes after Pinkerton and militia repression, AFL woos away skilled workers

International Workers of the World IWW (Wobblies) Founded in 1905, organized textile workers, migrant farmworkers, lumber workers, Founded in 1905, organized textile workers, migrant farmworkers, lumber workers, Industrial unionism, faith in the rank and file rather than leadership Industrial unionism, faith in the rank and file rather than leadership Free speech campaigns Free speech campaigns The general Strike The general Strike Crippling Repression, especially after their opposition to WWI and during Crippling Repression, especially after their opposition to WWI and during the red scare that followed the red scare that followed From the IWW Charter From the IWW Charter The working class and the employing class have nothing in common. There can be no peace so long as hunger and want are found among millions of the working people and the few, who make up the employing class, have all the good things of life. Between these two classes a struggle must go on until the workers of the world organize as a class, take possession of the means of production, abolish the wage system, and live in harmony with the Earth.... Instead of the conservative motto, 'A fair day's wage for a fair day's work', we must inscribe on our banner the revolutionary watchword, 'Abolition of the wage system.' It is the historic mission of the working class to do away with capitalism.[4] The working class and the employing class have nothing in common. There can be no peace so long as hunger and want are found among millions of the working people and the few, who make up the employing class, have all the good things of life. Between these two classes a struggle must go on until the workers of the world organize as a class, take possession of the means of production, abolish the wage system, and live in harmony with the Earth.... Instead of the conservative motto, 'A fair day's wage for a fair day's work', we must inscribe on our banner the revolutionary watchword, 'Abolition of the wage system.' It is the historic mission of the working class to do away with capitalism.[4][4]

American Federation of Labor (AFL) Founded in 1886 Founded in 1886 Samuel Gompers , Samuel Gompers , Craft Unionism, skilled workers Craft Unionism, skilled workers Conservative “unionism plain and simple” Conservative “unionism plain and simple” Works for the best deal for workers within the system Works for the best deal for workers within the system No support for a labor (or other) parties No support for a labor (or other) parties Instead.. Instead.. "reward your friends and punish your enemies" "reward your friends and punish your enemies"

American Exceptionalism 1. Working Class Divisions: Immigration, Race 1. Working Class Divisions: Immigration, Race 2. “Liberal” Culture 2. “Liberal” Culture 3. Early Extension of Voting Rights 3. Early Extension of Voting Rights 4.No Feudalism 4.No Feudalism 5. Employer/State Resistance 5. Employer/State Resistance **Radicals crushed: Knights of Labor /IWW **Radicals crushed: Knights of Labor /IWW

U.S Union Membership as % of the Workforce

Union Membership (in millions)

Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) Industrial vs. Craft Unionism Industrial vs. Craft Unionism Significantly more militant than the CIO, with a large left (including communist) presence Significantly more militant than the CIO, with a large left (including communist) presence Sit Down strikes Sit Down strikes Major victories: auto, steel, rubber, longshoremen Major victories: auto, steel, rubber, longshoremen

The Wagner Act (1935) 1. Explicitly guaranteed the right to join a union 1. Explicitly guaranteed the right to join a union 2. Required employers to bargain with recognized unions 3. Allowed a majority vote of employees to empower a union to negotiate for all employees 4. Created the National Labor Relations Board to enforce these rules and to supervise elections.

The Taft-Hartley Act (1948) 1. Allows the president to order a 60 day cooling off period before a strike. 1. Allows the president to order a 60 day cooling off period before a strike. 2. Allows right to work laws 2. Allows right to work laws 3. Bans the Closed Shop (Only union members hired) 3. Bans the Closed Shop (Only union members hired) 4. Bans secondary strikes and sympathy boycotts.. 4. Bans secondary strikes and sympathy boycotts.. 5. Allows for court injunctions against mass picketing 5. Allows for court injunctions against mass picketing 6. Holds national unions liable for the actions of their members 6. Holds national unions liable for the actions of their members (such as wildcat strikes breaking a contract) (such as wildcat strikes breaking a contract) 7. McCarthyism-hits union radicals hard (many of whom are, in fact, communists.) Particularly aimed at radicals in the CIO. 7. McCarthyism-hits union radicals hard (many of whom are, in fact, communists.) Particularly aimed at radicals in the CIO.

Voss and Fantasia “Relational Analysis” Material Conditions: The System of Rules Governing Unions The Balance of Power between Workers and Employers Type of Person: Bureaucrat, Strongman, Militant Symbolic: The Place of Unions in the Public Imagination “Special Interest” or “Social Justice” Consumer or Worker

Business/Push Button Unionism Material Material Negotiation and Enforcement of Long-Term Contracts Negotiation and Enforcement of Long-Term Contracts Grievance resolution based on legalistic contract language Grievance resolution based on legalistic contract language Focus on servicing existing union membership Focus on servicing existing union membership -- Cooperative relationship with employers -- Distance from the Rank and File -- Antiradicalism Type of Person: Bureaucrat or Strongman Bureaucrat or StrongmanSymbolic Unions as “special interests” Unions as “special interests”

Labor and the Cold War Funded by USIA USAID Funded by USIA USAID American Institute for Free labor Development in Latin America (AIFLD), Asia-American Free Labor Institute American Institute for Free labor Development in Latin America (AIFLD), Asia-American Free Labor Institute African American Labor Center. African American Labor Center National Endowment for Democracy 1983 National Endowment for Democracy Labor, Business, Republican and Democratic Parties Labor, Business, Republican and Democratic Parties In the 1980s, roughly half of the AFL-CIO’s budget came from the state department. In the 1980s, roughly half of the AFL-CIO’s budget came from the state department.

Intervention Guatemala 1954 Guatemala 1954 Chile 1973 Chile 1973 Central America 1980s Central America 1980s Kissinger-Kirkland Kissinger-Kirkland South Africa Buthelezi, South Africa Buthelezi, Attempts to undercut anti apartheid Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the rest of the liberation movement. Attempts to undercut anti apartheid Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU) and the rest of the liberation movement. Solidarity Poland Solidarity Poland Support for conservative, sometimes pro-business unions Support for conservative, sometimes pro-business unions Attempts to undercut their more leftist rivals Attempts to undercut their more leftist rivals

What happened? Corporate Counter Attack Corporate Counter Attack Employee Based Welfare State Employee Based Welfare State Globalization Globalization

Corporate Counterattack Number of Decertification Elections Number of Decertification Elections Number of Labor Violations Number of Labor Violations , , , , , ,000 Number Fired for Union Activity Number Fired for Union Activity , , , , , ,000

The unsustainability of the private welfare state: Healthcare cost per vehicle

Globalization U.S.--from U.S.--from international trade went from 9% to 25% of U.S. GNP international trade went from 9% to 25% of U.S. GNP Foreign Direct Investment from 5% of U.S. GDP in 1970 to 30% in 2000 Foreign Direct Investment from 5% of U.S. GDP in 1970 to 30% in 2000

10,000 Pontiac LeMans Early 1990s 3,000 to South Korea for labor and assembly 3,000 to South Korea for labor and assembly 1,750 to Japan for advanced components 1,750 to Japan for advanced components 750 to Germany for styling and design engineering 750 to Germany for styling and design engineering 400 to Taiwan for “small components” 400 to Taiwan for “small components” 250 to Britain for advertising and marketing services 250 to Britain for advertising and marketing services 50 to Ireland and Barbados for data processing 50 to Ireland and Barbados for data processing Leaving about 3,800 to U.S inputs Leaving about 3,800 to U.S inputs

Impact of Globalization Exit and Threat of Exit Exit and Threat of Exit Maytag Galesburg Maytag Galesburg Heightened competition Investors finally got news from Maytag that they can cheer today: The home appliance maker said it was going to close a facility in Galesburg Illinois and lay off 1,600 workers, or about 8% of its total staff. Investors finally got news from Maytag that they can cheer today: The home appliance maker said it was going to close a facility in Galesburg Illinois and lay off 1,600 workers, or about 8% of its total staff. The announcement sent shares of Maytag soaring by more than 7%. What Wall Street liked is that Maytag is finally moving its production to a low cost country.... The announcement sent shares of Maytag soaring by more than 7%. What Wall Street liked is that Maytag is finally moving its production to a low cost country....

Social Movement Unionism 1. Organize from the bottom up 1. Organize from the bottom up 2. Rely on Corporate Campaigns 2. Rely on Corporate Campaigns 3. Willing to look beyond routine NLRB path to recognition 3. Willing to look beyond routine NLRB path to recognition 4. Strong Orientation to Social Justice 4. Strong Orientation to Social Justice 5. Creative and Innovative in Style 5. Creative and Innovative in Style 6. “Self-Expanding” Sees actions as part of a long term process 6. “Self-Expanding” Sees actions as part of a long term process What might this mean in practice? You are trying to organize janitors… What might this mean in practice? You are trying to organize janitors…