PRRP Songbird Monitoring Proposal Travis Crane, Chandler Mundy, Travis Mote, and Morgan Mendenhall

Objective Develop a monitoring plan to be used with habitat management in order to double the number of bird species on the ten-mile Provo River restoration project.

Upper canopy veg.Low veg. River Flooded areas Provo River Restoration Project Dike removal Replanting Meanders FloodingWater Speed

The Habitat Types Flooded areas

The Habitat Types Low vegetation Flooded areas

The Habitat Types Low vegetation Upper canopy Flooded areas

The Habitat Types Low vegetation Upper canopy Flooded areas

Diet Upper canopy veg.Low veg. River Flooded areas Provo River Restoration Project Dike removal Replanting Meanders Nesting Habitat Cover Nesting Habitat Cover Diet Nesting Habitat Cover Diet FloodingWater Speed

Predators warbling vireo black-headed grosbeak yellow-headed black bird Wilson’s warbler Diet Upper canopy veg.Low veg. River Flooded areas Provo River Restoration Project Dike removal Replanting Meanders Nesting Habitat Cover Nesting Habitat Cover Diet Nesting Habitat Cover Diet FloodingWater Speed

1. Species must be relatively easy and inexpensive to monitor. 2. Indicators should be sensitive to the environment and will fluctuate in the same manner as their guild. 3. Species have direct relationship to target population. 4. Most importantly, indicators should meet management’s objectives of being adequate predictors of the target population. Characteristics of the indicator species

Habitat Diet A B C D Model of Indicator Species

Warbling Vireo Vireo gilvus

Yellow-headed Blackbird Xanthocephalus xanthocephalus

Black-headed Grosbeak Pheucticus melanocephalus

Wilson's Warbler Wilsonia pusilla

METHODS Transect Surveys: Point Counts: yellow-headed blackbird warbling vireo, Wilson’s warbler, and black- headed grosbeak

Transect Surveys Transect Directio n 100 meters

Point Counts

Relative Abundance Presence/Absence Richness/Diversity Analytical Methods

Computer programs will be heavily used to calculate and interpret data using statistical tools. Statistical Software SAS STATA

 2 =observed-expected expected Chi-Square Test (  2 )

Paired T-test Compare 2 or more years Sampling units permanent Measurement Data Data grouped in transects or clusters

Paired T-test Is there a statistically significant result? What is the likelihood that no true change occurred and that any observed difference is the result of random sampling error? Does the observed change have any biological significance?

The power value uses the sample size, sample standard deviation, threshold significance level ( α ) and an effect size considered biologically important. The minimum detectable change is another calculation to judge biological significance. It uses the power value to calculate what minimum level of change could be detected.

Species diversity and richness Species richness is analyzed as a total number of species detected. Evenness, or the relative abundance of a species, is incorporated with species richness into a diversity index. Many indices exist; we will use the Shannon-Weaver index

Sampling Design Pilot Study Detect a minimum change of 20% with a 95% confidence level  Ensure capture of population variation  Ensure narrow confidence interval ● Low bias, no 0’s ● Increased precision  Determine number of samples and plot size

acresave. bird/yrstEn Flooded Upper canopy Low vegetation The estimated sample sizes n=(st/E) 2

Population estimates for indicator species Species diversity for all three habitat types Map of all study sites Guidelines of monitoring methods Management recommendations Expected Products