Chromosomes Physical structures in which genetic material is organized (DNA and proteins)

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Presentation transcript:

Chromosomes Physical structures in which genetic material is organized (DNA and proteins)

Sex chromosomes n Found in animals and some plants n Male and female cells differ with respect to their complement of sex chromosomes n One sex has matched pair and the other has either an unmatched pair or only one chromosome

Autosome Chromosomes other than sex chromosomes

Gene n The determinant of a characteristic of an organism n A section of DNA that encodes information for building a protein or a functional molecule of RNA (rRNA or tRNA)

Locus Specifies place on chromosome where a gene is located

Allele A particular version of a gene

Diploid Cell having two copies of every gene

Haploid Cell having single copy of every gene

Gamete Reproductive cell (haploid) specialized for sexual fusion

Zygote Cell produced by fusion of female and male gametes (hence, diploid)

Cross Mating between individuals leading to genetic fusion

Homozygous Having the same allele at a particular locus

Heterozygous Having different alleles at a particular locus

Genotype Genetic constitution of an organism

Phenotype Observable properties of an organism (structural and functional)