Electronic Publishing The New Digital Frontier

Electronic scholarly publishing  New avenues of research distribution  Greatest innovation since Gutenberg  Paradigmatic shift is causing debate  Take back control of publishing  Avoid potential conflicts with publishers  Broaden research communities

Historical Context

Case Studies  Web distribution of ETDs  Editors and Publishers Survey  What does it mean to ‘publish’ in the electronic academic environment?

78 NDLTD University Members Air University, Maxwell AFB, Alabama Marshall University University of Georgia Australian National University Miami University of Ohio University of Guelph (Ontario, Canada) Baylor University Michigan Tech University of Hawaii at Manoa Biblioteca de Catalunya Nanyang Technological U.( Singapore) University of Iowa Brigham Young University National U. of Singapore University of Kentucky California Institute of Technology Naval Postgraduate School University of Maine Chinese University of Hong Kong North Carolina State University University of Melbourne (Australia) Chungnam National U., Dept of CS (S. Korea) Pennsylvania State University University of New South Wales (Australia) City University, London (UK) Rhodes University (South Africa) University of North Texas Clemson University Rochester Institute of Technology University of Oklahoma College of William and Mary Shanghai Jiao Tong University University of Pisa (Italy) Concordia University (Illinois) St. Petersburg Tech. U. (Russia) University of Queensland Curtin University of Technology (Australia) Univ. de las Américas P. (México) University of South Florida Darmstadt University of Technology Univ. Politec. de Valencia (Spain) University of Sydney (Australia) East Carolina University Univ. Autonoma de Barcelona University of Tennessee, Knoxville East Tennessee State University Universitat d'Alacant University of Tennessee, Memphis Florida Institute of Technology Universitat de Barcelona University of Texas at Austin Florida International University Universitat de Girona University of Virginia Freie Universität Berlin (Germany) Universitat de Lleida University of Waterloo (Canada) George Washington University Universitat Oberta de Catalunya University of Wisconsin- Madison Gerhard Mercator Universitat Duisburg (Germany) Univ. Politecnica de Catalunya Vanderbilt University Griffith University (Australia) Universitat Pompeu Fabra Virginia Tech Gyeongsang National University, Chinju (S. Korea) Universitat Rovira i Virgili West Virginia University Humboldt- Universität zu Berlin Université Laval (Québec, Canada) Western Michigan University Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay Univ. of Colorado, Health Sci. Ctr. Wilfrid Laurier University (Ontario, Canada) University of Florida Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Number of ETDs  WVU: 500+  Va Tech: 2,200+  MIT Retro-Scanning: 20,000+  Other Pilots Worldwide: 1,000+  UMI Scanning: 15,000+  U.S. Total Theses & Dissertations/ year: 400,000

Survey results from Virginia Tech  Access Status –48% World Access –33% Campus Only –19% No Access  Graduate Student Survey –78% limit access on faculty advice –13% limit access on publisher advice  Alumni Surveys –43% successfully published derivative works –100% found no resistance from publishers

Editors & Publishers Survey Population Academic PressKluwer Academic American Chemical Society Elsevier Science American Society for Microbiology American Psychological Assoc. Springer-VerlagAmer Soc. of Mechanical Engineers MCB University PressCambridge University Press University of Chicago Press Institute of Physics Journals FASEBIEEE Blackwell Science

Review of Publisher Policies - Notions of Prior Publication  15% no specific statement  49% standard policy  21% had standard policy with exceptions  15% standard policy with inclusions (e-publications)

Kling’s Classification of Electronic Journals  Hybrid Paper-Electronic Journal  Electronic Working Articles  Electronic Journals

“Published” status = peer review  Prior publication (i.e. Web distribution) is discipline dependent –Physical Sciences: non-restrictive –Life Sciences: emphasis on level of access –Medical Sciences: emphasis on level of access –Social Sciences: emphasis on revision of content  Conclusions: Myth and tradition create mis-perception

Web Posting Is Not Prior Publication  Role of journal as disseminator and archive for the academic record  Role of journal as peer review  Redundancy is part of long-term educational process  Self-acknowledged archiving  Economics will convince publishers to adopt liberal Web policies

Preservation Issues  Most content will originate in digital form.  Some content will be fundamentally digital.  What’s needed to preserve the bitstreams?  What will be needed to interpret saved bitstreams?

Current Solutions  Format standards - longevity (open architecture)  Rejuvenate as technology warrants  Multiple, redundant archiving techniques

Future Insights  XML and HyTime (non-proprietary standards)  E-Books  E-Tablet & Other Portable E-Tools  Re-Printable Paper  Digital Document Center (Print-On-Demand)  Universal Virtual Machines  World Wide Web (Wild Wild West)

Electronic Scholarly communities: Building Knowledge Networks  Academic Collaborations –University Libraries / Press –Academic Computing / IT –Education Technology –Scholarly Societies –Publisher Alliances

Regain control of your intellectual property...  “Oh what a tangled Web we weave, When first we practise to deceive!”

Electronic Publishing: The New Digital Frontier John H. Hagen Library Technical Consultant Electronic Thesis & Dissertation Program West Virginia University Libraries P.O. Box 6069 Morgantown, WV Presented at the NECTFL Conference April 14, 2000