The Cell By: Katie Adams, Jennifer Thornton, Zach Turner

Cell Membrane Be protective Regulate transport in and out of the cell Allow selectively permeable and signal transduction Provide a stable site for the binding and catalysis of enzymes Extremely thin Provide a passageway across the membrane for certain molecules

Cytoplasm Extracellular fluid consists of all of a cell's internal contents Watery environment inside the cell. Contains discrete membrane- enclosed structures called organelles Has three main functions, energy, storage, and manufacturing

Endoplasmic Reticulum A network of tubules, vesicles, and sacs that are interconnected Serve specialize functions in the cell including protein synthesis and insertion of membrane proteins Rough ER contains ribosomes and the smooth ER does not

Ribosomes The site of protein synthesis They are attached to ER membranes; others are scattered throughout the cytoplasm Composed of protein and RNA molecules

Golgi Apparatus Composed of a stack of about six flattened, membranous sacs Delivers proteins synthesized on ribsomes associated with the ER The “post office” of the cell, it handles all incoming lipids, proteins, etc., and controls their export as well

Mitochondria Elongated, fluid filled sacs that vary in size and shape Moves slowly through the cytoplasm and reproduce by dividing Major sites of chemical reactions that transform this energy into adenosine triphosphate

Nucleus Houses the genetic material (DNA), which directs all cell activities A large spherical structure enclosed in a double-layered

Nuclear Envelope Consists of inner and outer lipid bilayer membranes Has protein-lined channels called nuclear pores

Nucleolus A small, dense body composed largely of RNA and protein A “little nucleus” Ribosomes form in the nucleolus, then migrate through nuclear pores to the cytoplasm