Plug-In Electric Vehicles… What has to happen on the other side of the outlet? MARC Conf. Session 4 – Electric Cars: Can we charge our way to a carbon-free future? June 7, 2010 Warren Wood, PE President, Missouri Energy Development Association

Key Issues for PEV Deployment  Objectives – Reduce: Cost of Transportation Dependence on Foreign Oil Emissions Associated with Transportation  Challenges for the Electric Service Provider Meeting Future Needs Demand Growth & Timing of Peaks Age of Plants & Upcoming Retirements High-Dependence on Fossil Fuels & Carbon Regulation Impacts  Keeping Power Reliable & Affordable – a Balanced Portfolio: Baseload / Dispatchable Sources of Power Energy Efficiency Renewable Resources

2007 America’s electricity is generated largely by domestic fuels – coal, nuclear, natural gas, hydroelectric & renewables. This has been very beneficial in keeping our electricity reasonably priced and secure from foreign disruptions in fuel supply.

Pathway to Reduce Carbon Emissions:

What do electric service providers need to do on the other side of the outlet to support PEVs? ?

Coal Fired Power Plants 78%

Nuclear Power 11%

Renewable & Other Sources of Electricity 7%

Natural Gas Fired Plants 4%

Demand growth rate has slowed down significantly but still exceeds 1.3% per year.

PEV Charging Time & Voltage Level Are Important!

These plants provide 56% of Missouri’s capacity and 89% of our energy! We have built little baseload capacity in the last 25 years! KCP&L Wolf Creek & Coop Contract Unit in Oklahoma KCP&L Hawthorn 5

How Are Electric Service Providers Facing These Challenges  Carefully Analyzing Options to Assure Continued Reliability of Service & Reasonable Rates  Acting on Least Cost Plans…Building Infrastructure & Implementing Programs  Talking With Policy Makers About Issues That Require Legislative or Regulatory Changes Carbon Cap & Trade Legislation Mechanisms to Improve Utility Credit Ratings & Reduce Cost of Capital for Needed Infrastructure Investment

 Energy Efficiency & Demand Side Management – Pursue all cost-effective measures to reduce demand growth rates and shift usage from peak periods.  Renewables – Pursue all cost-effective (including forecasted cost of environmental regulations) renewable energy options to minimize future rates and comply with Renewable Energy Standard.  Dispatchable Resources – Nuclear, Coal and/or Natural Gas as determined by least cost modeling, demand requirements, and retirements of existing power resources.  Example from IRP: “Focus on energy efficiency with a goal of 540 MW by 2025, procure approximately 225 MW of renewable generation by 2020 and maintain the option for nuclear...” What Does Our Planning Process Show As Appropriate Next Steps?

Dr. Patrick Moore, Founding Member and Former Director of Greenpeace International: “By 2010 we’ll see plug-in cars coming off the assembly line. If you charge with nuclear there’s no CO 2. It’s a beautiful formula.” Source: April 2008 Public Utilities Fortnightly, Making Peace With Nuclear, Page 10 Can Nuclear Help the Transportation Sector and Reduce Transportation Industry Related CO 2 Emissions?

Questions ? Contact Information: Warren Wood, PE MEDA 326 East Capitol Avenue Jefferson City, MO Phone (573)