MOUNTAINS AT RISK. Alpine areas: early warning indicators Organisms on edge of environmental tolerance Same processes as downstream forested and grassland.

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Presentation transcript:

MOUNTAINS AT RISK

Alpine areas: early warning indicators Organisms on edge of environmental tolerance Same processes as downstream forested and grassland ecosystems Less capacity! Less “buffering” Snow: moderates soil temperature, stores water and chemical, released at once

PROBLEM: N DEPOSITION INCREASES

NITROGEN CYCLE Plants are usually nitrogen limited Plants can only use inorganic nitrogen –Nitrate (NO 3 - ) –Ammonium (NH 4 ) Lots of nitrogen around –Air is mostly nitrogen –Soils have lots of organic nitrogen However, hard to convert organic N to inorganic N. Thus, usually no nitrate in streams

Albion Green Lake 4 Saddle Stream Como Creek NADP Site

Green Lake 4: View southwest towards Arikaree Peak (4008 m) from the shore near the outlet in late September.

Niwot Ridge NADP collector after a large snow storm.

NIWOT RIDGE NADP

IS INCREASING N DEPOSITION CAUSING CHANGES IN ECOSYSTEMS? WHAT KIND OF CHANGES SHOULD WE BE LOOKING FOR? WHERE WILL WE SEE THOSE CHANGES FIRST? STREAMS ARE ONE PLACE TO LOOK

STREAM WATERS AT RISK Episodic acidification is occurring Low alkalinity associated with high nitrate Occurs on the rising limb of the hydrograph Release of nitrate in the form of an ionic pulse in snowmelt increases problem of nitrogen in rain and snow

IONIC PULSE

IONIC PULSE: solute concentrations in meltwater greater than snowpack

SNOW ENHANCES POLLUTION Stores pollutants for 6-8 months Pollutants released in several weeks Pollutants released as an ionic pulse –Concentrations in meltwater 5-10 greater than average concentrations in snowpack Snowmelt saturates subsurface, reducing infiltration Pollution pulse goes directly into streams

ALPINE AREAS AT RISK Current levels of nitrogen deposition in the Colorado Front Range are causing changes in stream water quality Nitrate values in streamwater may be a good indicator of ecosystem health Are there terrestrial changes caused by nitrogen deposition?