Programming Languages in the 2000s Judith Bishop University of Pretoria, South Africa

Position of the course  Third year, optional, popular  students  Students know Java and C++ well  They have some C# (web oriented)  No other languages  Compilers is an optional course too

Aims of the course COS333  appreciate the rich history  familiar with paradigms  skills in new languages  appreciate principles  exposed to the new trends

Previous course pre-2004 Progression of imperative languages -variables -types -procedures -concurrency etc Other paradigms -object-oriented -functional -logical -scripting -high performance History

Timeline  2001C# 1.0  2002  2003 Spec# 1.0  2004Java 1.5, Comega  2005C# 2.0, Spec#  2006Java 6, C# 3.0, LINQ

Advances in Auto boxing and unboxing 2.Properties 3.Foreach and switch on objects 4.Indexers 5.Enumerated types with IO 6.Events and delegates 7.Generics

Advances in 2006  The LINQ extensions to the.NET Framework provide Comega’s language- integrated query, set, and transform operations to C# and Visual Basic IEnumerable expr = from s in names where s.Length == 5 orderby s select s.ToUpper();

Current course Imperativelanguages Other paradigms Object-oriented New paradigmsHistory 15,16, notes 1,2 11,12, notes 5,6,7,8, 9,10,14,13 notes

Student Assessment  Set up website to teach one language from another  Include only five features  Write two examples (one given, one free)  Students look forward to this assignment  See examples at

Sample Oops Question  The difference between what can be accomplished in generics in C++, Java and C# is largely based on their implementation. Describe the three approaches and indicate especially how each handles the case of generic instantiation of primitive types. Comment on the potential efficiency (in space and time) of the different approaches.