1 Introduction to Energy Technology Hsin Chu (Albert), Ph.D. Distinguished Professor National Cheng Kung University Energy and Environment

2 Distinguished Professor & Director National Cheng Kung University Department of Environmental Engineering & Division of Academic Services 1 University Road Tainan Taiwan Tel: Fax: Web: EXPERIENCE National Cheng Kung University, Department of Environmental Engineering Distinguished Professor, August 2006 ~ National Cheng Kung University, Department of Environmental Engineering Professor, August, 2001~ July, 2006 National Cheng Kung University, Department of Environmental Engineering Associate Professor, August 1991 ~ July, 2001 Industrial Technology Research Institute, Energy & Resources Laboratories Manager, July 1989 ~ July 1991 Industrial Technology Research Institute, Energy & Resources Laboratories Assistant Manager, March 1989 ~ June 1989 Industrial Technology Research Institute, Energy & Resources Laboratories Research Engineer, March 1988 ~ February 1989 EDUCATION Northwestern University, USA Ph.D. in Environmental Health Engineering, February, 1988 National Taiwan University, Taiwan M.S. in Environmental Engineering, June 1982 National Taiwan University, Taiwan B.S. in Civil Engineering, June 1978

3 能源與環境的關聯 水 高耗水 高廢水 溫排水 土壤 礦坑地形 廢棄物污染 地下水傳輸 空氣 SO 2 NO X VOCs Particulates O 3 CO 2

4 空氣污染源 1. 固定污染源 ※燃料燃燒 ※製程污染 2. 移動污染源 ※交通工具 3. 營建工程 4. 露天燃燒 5. 室內空氣污染

6 粒狀污染物 離子：太陽、宇宙輻射 80% ＜ 0.05 μ m 清潔的空氣： 5-6 分 污染的空氣：數秒而已 Aitken 核 ＜ 0.1 μ m 海水蒸發、塵暴、火山爆發、森林大火

7 粒狀污染物 較大顆粒 ＞ 0.1 μm 燃燒核、懸浮的土壤 生物性粒狀物 花粉、微生物、昆蟲 放射性粒狀物 自然界、核子反應爐、核子武器

9 台灣最終能源消費結構的扭曲 (%) 1990 年 2000 年 電力 天然氣 石油 煤 電力：能源效率最差的一項。

10 台灣電力結構的扭曲 (%) 1990 年 2000 年 天然氣 石油 煤 水力 12.7 核能 *IPP * 部份用天然氣 天然氣資源寶貴且乾淨，宜多用在民生初級能源，發電之能源效率差 !

17 車用觸媒轉化器 替代動力 1. LPG2. CNG 3. Methanol4. Electric Exhaust Reduction Catalysts Mixing Oxidation Catalysts Effluent Air NO→N 2 Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Co, Ni, Cu CuO, CuCrO 4 H 2 CO→CO 2, H 2 O HC Co 3 O 4, MnO 2, CuO, Fe 2 O 3, Cu 2 O 3, NiO, V 2 O 5 CoO ． Cr 2 O 3 Pb MTBE Nowadays: TWC

18 Global Climate Change A. For Stratospheric Ozone Layer 1. Montreal Protocol (25 Governments) Signed in Sept (Including Kenya, Mexico, Uganda) Ratified in Jan CFCs (-11, -12, -113, -114, -115) 50% Reduction From 1986 Levels by 1999 Halon (Halocarbons) (-1211, -1301, -2402) Freeze at 1986 Levels by 1992

19 Global Climate Change 2. Helsinki Meeting (80 Governments) Signed in May 1989 Completely Phase Out CFCs by Completely Phased Out CFCs in 1996

20 Global Climate Change B. NO x Protocol (25 Governments) Signed in Nov Ratified by only 9 Governments Freeze at 1987 Levels by 1995

21 Global Climate Change C. CO 2 Protocol 1. June, 1992 Rio, Brazil Freeze at 1990 level by 2000 (Proposed) 25% Reduction from 1990 level by December, 1997 Kyoto, Japan (Signed) 5.2% Reduction from 1990 level by

22 CO 2 Emissions Mitigation 1. Increase Generating Efficiency IGCC Fuel Cells Cogeneration 2. End-Use Efficiency EER 3. Shifting Fuels: CH 4

23 CO 2 Emissions Mitigation 4. CO 2 Scrubbing: Expensive Food Processing (CO 2 Liquefaction) Oil Recovery Sequestering in the deep ocean 5. Switching to Non-Fossil Energy

24 二氧化碳減量之可行技術 化學吸收 CO 2 藻類再生化學吸收劑 (1) 產出富含能量可當燃料之藻類 (2) 或富含蛋白質可當健康食品之藻類 (3) 或富含產氫酵素可產氫氣之藻類

25 與環境共存之能源利用 能源效率： IGCC 等 能源節約：生活樸實等 能源再生：太陽能等