Chapter V, Article IV – The Federal System Terms and Cases Module V

Cases Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857): Declared that African Americans were not, and could not be, American citizens. This case, which also invalidated the Missouri Compromise of 1820, helped serve as a catalyst to the Civil War and was overturned by the Fourteenth Amendment. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857): Declared that African Americans were not, and could not be, American citizens. This case, which also invalidated the Missouri Compromise of 1820, helped serve as a catalyst to the Civil War and was overturned by the Fourteenth Amendment. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Ruled that Congress had the implied power to establish a national bank and that the state of Maryland had no authority to tax it. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819): Ruled that Congress had the implied power to establish a national bank and that the state of Maryland had no authority to tax it.

Terms -Article IV – The Federal System Extradition: The process by which states return a fugitive back to the state from which such a fugitive fled in order that such an individual may be tried for crimes committed or alleged to have been committed there. The provision for extradition is found in Article IV, Section 2 of the Constitution. Extradition: The process by which states return a fugitive back to the state from which such a fugitive fled in order that such an individual may be tried for crimes committed or alleged to have been committed there. The provision for extradition is found in Article IV, Section 2 of the Constitution. Federalism: A governmental system in which power is divided between state and national authorities. In such systems, powers are almost always delineated by a written constitution, and both state and national governments have powers—as, for example, through taxation—to operate directly upon individual citizens Federalism: A governmental system in which power is divided between state and national authorities. In such systems, powers are almost always delineated by a written constitution, and both state and national governments have powers—as, for example, through taxation—to operate directly upon individual citizens Fugitive Slave Clause: A provision found in Article IV, Section 2 of the Constitution requiring that states shall deliver persons “held to Service or labor in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another.” Friction over this clause was particularly intense in the period leading up to the Civil War. Fugitive Slave Clause: A provision found in Article IV, Section 2 of the Constitution requiring that states shall deliver persons “held to Service or labor in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another.” Friction over this clause was particularly intense in the period leading up to the Civil War.

Terms -Article IV – The Federal System Full Faith and Credit: Obligation from each State to another to recognize “public acts, records and judicial proceedings.” Full Faith and Credit: Obligation from each State to another to recognize “public acts, records and judicial proceedings.” Guarantee Clause: The provision in Article IV, Section 4 of the Constitution providing that the United States shall guarantee each state a republican, or representative, form of government.. Guarantee Clause: The provision in Article IV, Section 4 of the Constitution providing that the United States shall guarantee each state a republican, or representative, form of government.. Privileges and Immunities Clause: The provisions in Article IV, Section l and in Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment, which provide that states must treat citizens of other states as they would their own. Privileges and Immunities Clause: The provisions in Article IV, Section l and in Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment, which provide that states must treat citizens of other states as they would their own.

Terms -Article IV – The Federal System Republican Government: A form of indirect, or representative, democracy, defended by James Madison and other American founders as superior to pure democracy. Republican Government: A form of indirect, or representative, democracy, defended by James Madison and other American founders as superior to pure democracy. Unitary Government: A governmental system in which primary powers rest with the central government. Unitary Government: A governmental system in which primary powers rest with the central government.