Motivation and Emotion Chapter 10 Internal processes that: G A S uide ctivate ustain

Motivation Physiological Hunger Sexual motivation Cognitive Expectancy Self-fulfillment

Theories of Motivation n Drive Theory n Arousal Theory n Expectancy Theory n Goal-Setting Theory p. 377

Drive Theory Biological needs arising within our bodies create unpleasant states of arousal Hunger, thirst, fatigue, etc. Homeostasis- balanced physiological state PUSH Motivation is basically a process in which various biological needs PUSH us to actions

Drive Theory: An Overview

NOT n Optimization NOT Minimization n Arousal: our general level of activation n May fluctuate n Biological influences??  Sensation seekers n Yerkes-Dodson law Arousal Theory

Yerkes-Dodson law n There is a relationship between, optimal performance and the level of arousal necessary.

Expectancy Theory n Behavior is determined by expectations (desirable outcomes). PULL n Thoughts about future PULL your behavior. n Incentives: almost anything we have learned to value.

Work Motivation: in the REAL world

Goal-Setting Wood & Locke(1990) Specific Challenging Attainable Feedback can improve performance. Take life in strides…

Maslow’s Needs Hierarchy

Emotions 1. Physiological responses 2. Subjective feelings 3. Expressive reactions

How do we respond? Cannon – Bard Earliest theory Simultaneous Simultaneous occurrence. James – Lange More preferred Interpretations Interpretations determine emotions Facial feedback hypothesis

Why go to scary movies? Schacter – Singer Two stage theory Dutton & Aron (1974) Opponent-Process Every action has an equal and opposite reaction

The Emotional Brain Anterior vs. Posterior Pleasant – Unpleasant Arousal Right vs. Left Avoidence – withdrawl Positive affect - Rewards

Speaking without Words 1. Nonverbal Cues 2. Gestures 3. Body language