6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 1 Cellular Activity Detection & Identification Final Presentation Supervised By: Yossi Hipsh Introduced By: George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun Project : D Spring Semester 2007 High Speed Digital Systems Lab – The Technion

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 2 Refreshment

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 3 General Problem Definition We want to build a system that detects a cellular phone activity and finds the coordinates of its source in a predefined space. Different cellular companies use different frequency ranges. they also use different codes (for each phone), communication protocols and modulation methods. Thus, the cell phones we want do detect differs not only because the companies differ. We want to detect each and every kind of phone. Cellular radio pulses can be transmitted in a small time periods. We want our system to be able to detect these pulses (example: SMS messages).

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 4 Block diagram Antenna A 2 beams Antenna B 2 beams Direction 1 Direction 2

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 5 What have we done ???

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun Energy Detector - Final Circuit C=200pF R1=500kΩR2=1kΩ R1=500kΩ C1=100pF C2=100pF Diode R2=1kΩ In Out

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 7 Amplifiers verification Coaxial Amplifiers from Mini-Circuits ©: ZJL-4G 50Ω medium power, Mhz band Measurements were made in the communications lab for the gain response as a function of the working frequency All the amplifiers work perfectly with 12db amplification

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 8 VCO duplication A duplication of a VCO already created was done. The V.C.Os can be used for mixing purposes or as a cell phone emulator.

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 9 Antenna building A reference antenna designed for 1.4 GHz was used as a reference dipole antenna. The new antenna was built by changing all the wavelength related parameters to suit the new frequency: 1.7Ghz. The new dipole was duplicated to build a dipole array transmitting a directional beam The power is then divided equally between the dipoles. Micro strip technology was used.

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 10 MicroStrip Line Impedance* *Micostrip Lines and Slotlines- K.C.Gupta –ARTECH HOUSE 1979 Matlab code was written for iteration over w values according to the needed impedance

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 11 Some photos The ref. dipole antenna The new dipole array antenna

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 12 Antenna building cont. Measurements were done to test S11: Another array antenna was built similar to the first one. (to be used in the final experiment)

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 13 The Final Experiment The goal is to prove the theoretical solution feasibility The reference antenna will emulate a cell phone; the difference in frequency is reflected in minor inefficiency. Instead of using the designed V.C.O, a pulse generator will be used. The energy detector will not be used. The pulses will be seen in a fast scope instead. Mechanical shift will be used to shift antenna beams and search for maximum reception.

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 14 Final Experiment Equipments 1. Two new antennas (designed for 1.7 Ghz) 2. One reference antenna (emulating a cell phone) 3. 2 amplifiers (Mini-Circuits© ZJL-4G) 4. A pulse generator (Hewlett Packard © 8133A) 5. A fast scope (Hewlett Packard © 83480A) 6. DC power supply (Technion I.I.T – A)

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 15 Final Experiment Setup 12V Power Supply Technion I.I.T A Antenna 1Antenna 2 Cell phone emulator 2 Channel Scope Hewlett Packard © 83480A Pulse Generator Hewlett Packard © 8133A Trigger Ch.1 Ch.2 Rotating axis  Height of antenna 1 & 2 plane: 2.15m  Height of emulator plane: 1.76 m 1.2 m range of emulator movement 12db -10db

6/5/2008 High Speed Digital Systems Lab George Ghantous, Husam Khshaiboun 16 Lets take a look !!!