Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Using the LSNA in Device Characterization for PA Design Gary Simpson M A U R Y M I C R O W A V E 2900 Inland Empire Blvd., Ontario, California IEEE Topical Workshop, San Diego

2 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Device Characterization l Required for PA Design l Determine Device Capabilities l Determine Required Matching l Load Pull is a Common Method

3 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 What Is Load Pull? Measurement vs. Impedance

4 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Value of Load Pull in PA Design l Performance Under Actual Operating Conditions l Most Direct Method to Determine Matching l Device Model not Needed l But – Verify Device Model if Desired

5 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Load Pull Contours

6 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 What is the LSNA? l Large Signal Network Analyzer l Measure Incident/Reflected Waves l Get Fundamental and Harmonic Data l Time Domain from Fourier Transform l Measure Modulated Signal l Also Measure Small Signal S-Parameters

7 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 LSNA Calibration 1.VNA Style Calibration 2.Power Meter for Absolute Power 3.Harmonic Phase Reference to Calibrate the Harmonics

8 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 LSNA Data – Waveform 1.8 GHz Silicon BJT Power Transistor

9 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 LSNA Data Modulated Waveform

10 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 LSNA Data Modulated Waveform

11 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 LSNA Data – Dynamic Load Lines

12 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 LSNA Data Harmonic Distortion

13 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 LSNA Data Breakdown Analysis

14 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Using the LSNA with Load Pull l Multiple Instrument Functions l Measure Power, Gain l Measure am/am and am/pm l Measure Waveform vs. Impedance l Measure gamma-in l Measure gamma-load

15 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Load Pull with LSNA

16 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Waveform vs. Impedance

17 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Load Pull – Passive Reflection Reflection DUT TUNER b2 a2

18 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Load Pull – Active Reflection Reflection DUT TUNER b2 a2

19 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Real-Time Load Pull l Inject Offset Frequency Sweep all Phase Result: Measure a Circle of Impedances l Sweep Magnitude Also Result: Measure a Region of Impedances

20 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Real-Time Load Pull Patent Pending

21 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Advantage of Real-Time Load Pull l Cover Higher Reflection than Passive Tuner l Extremely Fast Measurement l Next Generation Load Pull

22 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Real-Time Load Pull Status l Works Now with Average Bias l Dynamic Bias Measurement Needed to Know Bias and Eff vs. Impedance l Dynamic Bias Measurement is Coming l Active Injection works Now to Enhance Matching Range

23 Power Amplifiers for Wireless Communications, Sept 13-14, 2004 Conclusions l The LSNA Provides More Device Data l The LSNA Enhances Load Pull úMore Data vs. Impedance úActive Injection Provides More Matching úReal-Time Load Pull Provides High Speed and High Matching