Information Systems Eras Evolution of Information Systems (Modelling and Tools) Babak Akhgar (Time Frame)

Characteristics of today’s business environment: globalization global marketplace global competition global work groups global information systems

Characteristics of today’s business environment: transformation of industrial economies knowledge and information-based economies productivity innovation time-based competition shorter product life turbulent environment

Characteristics of today’s business environment: transformation of the organization flatter decentralized flexible collaborative work and teamwork empowered workforce lower operating costs

Transformation of the Business Enterprise traditional business firm - hierarchical centralized standard operating procedures for mass production new style of business firm - flatter decentralized flexible arrangement of generalists and specialists

Transformation of the Business Enterprise similar to a symphony consist of knowledge workers college educated members of profession (e.g., engineers, doctors, lawyers, scientists, etc.) jobs consist primarily of creating new information and knowledge IT has evolved to enable and support new form of organization

Different kinds of systems Organizations and info. systems can be divided into four levels: operational-level knowledge-level management-level strategic-level

Six Major types of Systems TPS: Transaction Processing Systems MRS: Management Reporting Systems DSS: Decision Support Systems EIS: Executive information systems PSS:Professional Support Systems OIS: Office Information Systems

1.TPS transaction processing systems operational level perform and record daily routine transactions necessary to conduct the business

2.MRS Management Reporting Systems Used by managers responsible for specific functions or processes in a firm provide routine summary and exception reports managers use these reports to help control their area of responsibility

3.DSS decision support systems Designed to support individual and collective decision making often use information from external sources more analytical power than other types of systems

4.EIS executive information systems strategic level of the organization support long-term, strategic view used by senior executives easy access to summarised company data incorporate external information on industry and economy

5.PSS Professional Support Systems Support performance of tasks specific to a given profession For example lawyers doing legal research architects designing buildings designers modeling a new automobile student C&P system (cut and paste system) !!

6.OAS office information systems support and help coordinate knowledge work in an office environment emphasis on increased productivity systems include , scheduling systems, word processing

Program Scope The Big Picture People Process Technology Organization

Why Model? n Helps users and developers to communicate n Provides traceability from business model through to final system n Central repository for business knowledge n Improve overall system quality n Reduce long term costs n Rapid business and technological change demands flexibility n Large complex systems need to be designed

Model Requirements Business process driven Industry standard Easy to learn and use Pragmatic Integrated Minimalist

Opportunity Framework System Analysis Framework The Value Chain Support activities Firm infrastructure Human resource management Technology development Primary activities Margin Procurement Inbound logistics Operations Outbound logistics Marketing and Sales service Source: Porter & Millar

Three - level IT Strategy Division/SBU/function based Demand oriented Business focused IS Strategy Organisation based Relationships oriented Management focused IM Strategy Activity based Supply oriented Technology focused IT Strategy What ? How? Wherefore ? Management Applications Delivery Source: Earl

A Multiple Methodology Business plans and goals Current systems IT opportunities Application strategic plan Source: Earl Top down Bottom up Inside out Analytical Methodology Teamwork Evaluative Surveys and audits Users and specialists Creative Techniques, processes and environment Brightsparks and product champions

Delivery Process Outline Roll Out Design & Build User Acceptance Plan Increment PrototypeAnalysis Feasibility