Visual Simulation of Smoke SIGGRAPH’01 Ronald Fedkiw, Jos Stam and Henrik Wann Jensen Stanford University & Alias|wavefront.

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Presentation transcript:

Visual Simulation of Smoke SIGGRAPH’01 Ronald Fedkiw, Jos Stam and Henrik Wann Jensen Stanford University & Alias|wavefront

Outline Introduction Previous Work The Equations of Fluid Flow Self-Advection by Semi-Lagrangian Numerical Dissipation Results

Introduction Ideally  Looks good  Fast simulation Looks good?  Needs to look plausible  Doesn’t need to be exactly correct  doesn’t suffer from excessive numerical dissipation

Previous Work Kajiya and Von Herzen (SIGGRAPH 84) N. Foster and D. Metaxas (SIGGRAPH 97) Improve Stam’99 (Stable Fluids)  Handle moving boundaries  Reduce numerical dissipation  Add high quality volume rendering Method still fast but looks more “smoke-like”

The Equations of Fluid Flow Review: Navier-Stokes Equations

Incompressible Euler Equations self-advectionforces incompressible (Navier-Stokes without viscosity) Fluid velocity: u=

Gradient Implement

Additional Equations Density Temperature Buoyancy force

Algorithm t=0t = t + dt add forces self-advection project Helmholtz-Hodge Decomposition

Self-Advection tt+dt Semi-Lagrangian solver (Courant, Issacson & Rees 1952)

Semi- Lagrangian The semi-Lagrangian integrator itself is broken down into three main parts  1. Vector field extraction  2. Particle tracing  3. Interpolation

Self-Advection tt+dt Semi-Lagrangian solver (Courant, Isaacson & Rees 1952)

Self-Advection tt+dt For each u-component…

Self-Advection tt+dt For each u-component…

Self-Advection tt+dt Set interpolated value in new grid

Self-Advection Repeat for all u-nodes

Self-Advection Repeat for all v-nodes

Numerical Dissipation ‘Stable Fluids’ method dampens the flow  Typical with semi- Lagrangian methods Improve using  “Vorticity Confinement” force

Vorticity Confinement Basic idea:  Add energy lost as an external force Use “Vorticity Confinement” force  invented by John Steinhoff 1994

Vorticity Confinement  : vorticity

Vorticity Confinement Vorticity location vector :  Normalized vorticity Location vector : N

Vorticity Confinement Spatial discretization: h

Total Forces User supplied fields Buoyancy force New confinement force

Results

Any Problem ?