Toulmin Model of Argument and Case Building

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Presentation transcript:

Toulmin Model of Argument and Case Building

Reminders on Persuasive Speech Controversial NO Exercise NO Organ donation NO Give blood NO Adopt shelter animals NO Voting NO Tanning NO Smoking NO Dieting Etc. New Arguments NO Abortion NO Gun control NO Legalizing pot NO Lowering drinking age NO Gay marriage NO Affirmative action NO Euthanasia Etc.

Building a Case for Change Stock Issues Harm / Significance Causes / Inherency Solutions / Solvency

Harm / Significance Magnitude Probability Relevance

Causes / Inherency Structural Attitudinal

Solutions / Solvency Plan of Action Plan Effects Acceptability Workability Plan Effects Disadvantages Advantages

Using the Speech Significance? Inherency? Solvency?

Diagram of Toulmin Grounds Claim Rebuttal Warrant Qualifier (Backing)

Claim An exact position. The reader or hearer’s final destination.

Questions about Claims Is it valid? Why? Is it practical? Do I need to make qualifications?

Grounds The evidence that serves as a foundation for the claim.

Questions about Grounds Is it sufficient to support my claim? Might there be more important sources? Can it be tested?

Warrant The connection between the grounds and the claim.

Questions about Warrants Do I really believe it? Am I willing to stand behind it regardless of others’ opinions?

Backing The general body of information from which the warrant was drawn.

Questions about Backing How connected is it to my claim? Does it apply in all cases?

Qualifiers "phrases showing what kind and degree of reliance is to be placed on the conclusion, given the arguments available to support them" (p.69). To set the degree of certainty, state a “qualification—‘usually,’ ‘possibly,’ ‘barring accidents,’ and so on” (p. 26).

Questions about Qualifier Does it encompass all possible exceptions? Is it too narrow or too broad?

Rebuttal Arguments that opposition might bring up to counter my argument.

Questions about Rebuttals Am I familiar enough with the topic to recognize oppositions? Am I representing oppositions fairly?

Diagram of Toulmin Grounds Claim Rebuttal Warrant Qualifier (Backing)