כמותי מחקר פוליטי וסוציולוגי איכותי חקר - אירוע N=1 מחקר השוואתי N<50 N>1 מחקר כמותי N>50 מחקר השוואתי.

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כמותי מחקר פוליטי וסוציולוגי איכותי חקר - אירוע N=1 מחקר השוואתי N<50 N>1 מחקר כמותי N>50 מחקר השוואתי

מחקר פוליטי וסוציולוגי חקר - אירוע N=1 מחקר השוואתי N<50 N>1 מחקר כמותי N>50 מחקר ממוקד - מקרה מחקר ממוקד - משתנים N<7 N>1 N>7

בין מחקר ממוקד - מקרה למחקר ממוקד - משתנים מחקר השוואתי ממוקד - מקרה מבקש להסביר גיוון (diversity) Typical example: why Political Stability in the Philippines while instability all over Latin America? מחקר ממוקד - משתנים מבקש להסביר שונות משותפת (VARIANCE) Typical example: to what extent Economic Development (X) explains Political stability (Y)? X Y

אסטרטגיות חקירה השוואתיות Most-Different Research design Most-Similar Research Design (Case-Oriented) Method of Difference בחירת המקרה בחירת אספקטים של המקרה Method of Agreement

בחירת אספקטים של המקרה ארה ” ב יציבה פוליטית איטליה לא יציבה קנדה יציבה פוליטית Method of Difference Method of Agreement ארה ” ב יציבה פוליטית חיפוש אחרי גורמים מסבירים המשותפים גם לקנדה וגם ארה ” ב חיפוש אחרי גורמים מסבירים (X) שונים המופעים או בארה ” ב או באיטליה

The problem of analytical elimination: Mill’s Method of Agreement

The problem of analytical elimination: Mill’s Method of Difference

The Problem of Control Requires us to think about case-selection Studies that make use of the MSSD are based on the premise that systems as identical as possible with regard to as many constitutive features as possible represent the optimal samples for comparative research. In the event that some important differences are found… "then the number of factors attributable to these differences will be sufficiently small to warrant explanation in terms of these differences alone” (Przeworski and Teune, 1970, ). MDSD compares as contrasting cases as possible in order to show the robustness of a relationship between dependent and independent variables. Such a design assumes that by demonstrating that the observed relationships hold in a range of contrasting settings the argument of the research is better supported Most Similar Design Most-Different Design

The Problem of Control Control of Background Factors by Specification Control of Background Factors by Randomization Explicit effort to maximize control through minimization of variance Explicit effort to test causation through maximization of variance Most Similar Design Most-Different Design Control of Background Factors by Specification

The Problem of Control Requires us to think about case-selection The most favorable research design seeks initial support for a theory by testing it favorable conditions. The least favorable research design seeks to test a theory in the crucial circumstances where it is least likely to hold up. Most favorable Design Least favorable Design

Maximizing Explanatory Power in comparative research Create sophisticated research design: 1. Use both MDSD and MDRD in case selection 2. Use least favorable conditions for testing causation or argument 3. Use analytical elimination using both the method of difference and method of agreement. 4. Allow for multiple conjunctural causation