Basic Seismic Processing INPUT FILTER CMP Gather NMO STACK MIGRATE DISPLAY GEOM VEL ANAL STATICS MUTE.

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Basic Seismic Processing INPUT FILTER CMP Gather NMO STACK MIGRATE DISPLAY GEOM VEL ANAL STATICS MUTE.

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Presentation transcript:

Basic Seismic Processing INPUT FILTER CMP Gather NMO STACK MIGRATE DISPLAY GEOM VEL ANAL STATICS MUTE

More Seismic Processing INPUT BP FILTER CMP Gather NMO STACK MIGRATE DISPLAY GEOM VEL ANAL STATICS DEMUX VIB CORR FK FILTER DECON DMO/ MIGRATE SAVE DECON FK FILTER MUTE GAIN RCVR COHERENCY ENHANCE COHERENCY ENHANCE TIME TO DEPTH EDIT

Stack

Migration actual Seismic section (unmigrated) Migration (move it back) sin(  ) = tan (  ), where  = true dip,  = apparent dip

Migration: Syncline

Migration Effects Models (perfectly migrated) Synthetic Seismic Sections (Unmigrated)

Diffraction Point Reflector (Diffractor) Reflection Response (Diffraction)

Diffraction Model of Generic Reflection Multiple diffractors  x = finite Multiple diffractors  x 0

Migration with Velocity Distortion Layer 1 Layer 2 Layer 3 ALL

Depth Migration & Stack Smearing Zero-0ffset (Single fold) 10 Fold Stack

Migration Ex: Syncline Before After Migration ?

Migration Ex: Fault Before MigrationAfter Migration

Migration Example Before Migration After Migration

Migration: Methodology Diffraction Summation (Diffraction Stack) Wavefront Summation (Kirchoff Stack) unmigrated migrated

Migration Methodology Exploding Reflector (Back Propagation, Wave Equation Finite Difference, FK)

Migration Artifacts: Aperture 35 traces 70 traces 150 traces 256 traces

Migration Artifacts: Velocity Migration Artifacts: Velocity True V V 5% low V 10% low V 20% low

Migration and Noise Random Noise + Migration Migration “smiles” esp at edges of data Unmigrated Migrated

Migration: Voila Note: Steep dip migration