WFM 5103: Hydrogeology and Groundwater Course Teacher: M Mozzammel Hoque /MashfiqusSalehin Mark Distribution: Home Work 30%, Tests 70% Course Outlines: Subsurface environment; Water bearing properties of rocks and soil; Principles of groundwater movement; Recharge; Groundwater withdrawal; Groundwater measurement and water well design; Groundwater quality; Groundwater in coastal zones; Hydro- geological mapping; Groundwater management; Conjunctive use; Groundwater models; Groundwater development in Bangladesh Recommended Books: Groundwater by HM Raghunath; Groundwater Hydrology by David K Todd

Water Most abundant substance on the earth Principal constituents of all living things Major forces constantly changing the surface of the earth Influence the progress of human civilization

Hydrology Hydrology is the combination of two words; “hydro” and “logy” ‘Hydro’ means ‘water’ and ‘logy’ means ‘science’, so hydrology means science of water Broadly hydrology treats of the water of the earth, their occurrence,circulation, and distribution, their chemical and physical properties and their interaction with environment including interaction with living things and, in particular, human beings

Hydro-geology and Groundwater The term groundwater is usually reserved for the subsurface water that occurs beneath the water table in soil and geologic formations that are fully saturated. So, groundwater hydrology may be defined as the science of the occurrence, distribution, and movement of water below the surface of the earth. Hydrogeology differs only by its greater emphasis on geology and geohydrology emphasizes on hydrology The study of groundwater is important to geologists, hydrologists, soil scientists, agricultural and civil engineers, foresters, geographers, ecologists, geo-technical and mining engineers, sanitary engineers, petroleum reservoirs analysts, and probably others

Groundwater as a resource Goundwater is an important source of water supply throughout the world Its use in irrigation, industries, municipalities and rural homes continues to increase In Bangladesh groundwater is used for municipal water supply, agricultural water supply, industrial water supply and for recreation

Groundwater in the hydrologic cycle Groundwater constitutes on portion of the earth’s water circulatory system known as the Hydrologic cycle Water bearing formations of the earth’s crust act as conduits for transmission and as reservoir for storage of water Water enters these formations from the ground surface or from water bodies of surface water and travels slowly for varying distances The storage capacity of groundwater reservoirs combined with small flow rates provide distributed sources of water supply

Hydrologic cycle The endless circulation of water between ocean, atmosphere, and land surface Visualized as beginning with the evaporation from the oceans Water transfer cycle which occurs continuously in nature Hydrologic cycle is continuous process by which water is transported from the oceans to the atmosphere to the land and back to the sea. The driving force is the sun Water quality changes during the passage through the cycle The concept of the hydrologic cycle is useful point from which to begin the study of hydrology Four important phases of hydrologic cycle: (a) evaporation and evapotranspiration, (b) precipitation, © runoff and inflitration,and (d) groundwater flow

Hydrologic Cycle

Hydrologic cycle

Groundwater as a part of hydrologic cycle