Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Chapter 27 Vital Signs Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. No part of this product may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including input into or storage in any information system, without permission in writing from the publisher. PowerPoint ® presentation slides may be displayed and may be reproduced in print form for instructional purposes only, provided a proper copyright notice appears on the last page of each print-out. Produced in the United States of America ISBN

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Introduction Vital signs can provide you with a minimum level of determining a patient’s health status.

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Emotional influences Stress Fear  Physical influences Illness Drinking or eating Rushed  Emotional influences Stress Fear  Physical influences Illness Drinking or eating Rushed Factors Influencing Vital Signs

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Degree of the hotness or coldness of body temperature.  Temperature readings Average range for adult: 97.6° F - 99° F  Thermometer types Glass (Figure 27-2) Electronic (Figure 27-7) Tympanic (Figure 27-8)  Procedure  Degree of the hotness or coldness of body temperature.  Temperature readings Average range for adult: 97.6° F - 99° F  Thermometer types Glass (Figure 27-2) Electronic (Figure 27-7) Tympanic (Figure 27-8)  Procedure Temperature

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Fig Glass thermometer.

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Fig Electronic thermometer.

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved. Fig Tympanic thermometer.

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  A rhythmic expansion of the artery each time the heart beats.  Pulse sites Radial artery Brachial artery Carotid artery  Pulse Characteristics Rate Rhythm Volume  A rhythmic expansion of the artery each time the heart beats.  Pulse sites Radial artery Brachial artery Carotid artery  Pulse Characteristics Rate Rhythm Volume Pulse

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Pulse readings Adult resting: beats per minute Child: beats per minute  Irregularity Arrhythmia: An irregularity in the force or rhythm of the heartbeat  Procedure  Pulse readings Adult resting: beats per minute Child: beats per minute  Irregularity Arrhythmia: An irregularity in the force or rhythm of the heartbeat  Procedure Pulse  cont’d

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  The process of inhaling and exhaling, or “breathing.”  Respiration characteristics Rate: Total number of breaths per minute Rhythm: Breathing pattern Depth: Amount of air inhaled and exhaled  Respiration readings Adult: breaths per minute Child to teenage: breaths per minute  Procedure  The process of inhaling and exhaling, or “breathing.”  Respiration characteristics Rate: Total number of breaths per minute Rhythm: Breathing pattern Depth: Amount of air inhaled and exhaled  Respiration readings Adult: breaths per minute Child to teenage: breaths per minute  Procedure Respiration

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  The amount of work the heart has to exert to pump blood throughout the body.  Two pressures of the heart Systolic: Reflects the amount of pressure it takes for the left ventricle of the heart to compress or push oxygenated blood out into the blood vessels. Diastolic: The heart muscle at rest when it is allowing the heart to take in blood to be oxygenated before the next contraction.  The amount of work the heart has to exert to pump blood throughout the body.  Two pressures of the heart Systolic: Reflects the amount of pressure it takes for the left ventricle of the heart to compress or push oxygenated blood out into the blood vessels. Diastolic: The heart muscle at rest when it is allowing the heart to take in blood to be oxygenated before the next contraction. Blood Pressure

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Blood pressure readings Adult ‹130 systolic/‹ 85 diastolic  Blood pressure equipment Sphygmomanometer Cuff Rubber bulb Stethoscope Automated blood pressure  Korotkoff sounds Five phases of sounds  Blood pressure readings Adult ‹130 systolic/‹ 85 diastolic  Blood pressure equipment Sphygmomanometer Cuff Rubber bulb Stethoscope Automated blood pressure  Korotkoff sounds Five phases of sounds Blood Pressure  cont’d

Copyright 2003, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.  Electrocardiogram: A graph or tracing of the heart’s activity Cardiac cycle  Electrocardiogram: A graph or tracing of the heart’s activity Cardiac cycle Additional Techniques