The Feebleminded Self: Measuring Intelligence, Race and Eugenics.

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Presentation transcript:

The Feebleminded Self: Measuring Intelligence, Race and Eugenics

Darwin’s Family Tree

Francis Galton ( ) Eugenics (“well-born”): The attempt to improve the human race through selective breeding

Galton’s Chart of notable persons with family member of talent HEREDITARY GENIUS 1869

GALTON’S CHART OF HEREDITARY GENIUS

GALTON’S ANTHROPOMETRIC LABORATORY

GALTON’S HEAD CALIPERS, 1882

James McKeen Cattell ( ) Professor of Psychology, Columbia University editor of Psychological Review ( ); Popular Science Monthly ( ).

Vineland Training School, Vineland, NJ Cottages, 1898 Central Dining Room for Boys

Professional Associations for Care of Feeble-minded 1876: Association of Medical Officers of American Institutions for Idiotic and Feeble-Minded Persons (only for medical personnel). 1896: Journal of Psycho-Asthenics (weak in body) 1906—changed name: American Association for the Feeble-Minded, now admitted psychologists.

Henry Herbert Goddard ( ) The Kallikak Family: A Study in the Heredity of Feeble-Mindedness (1912) Feeble-Mindedness: its Causes And Consequences (1914)

Boys’ Classroom, Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble-Minded Children, 1886

Military Drills at Massachusetts School for the Feeble-Minded, c. 1890

Alfred Binet ( ) and Théodore Simon with Simon, “On the necessity of establishing a scientific diagnostic of inferior state of intelligence” (1905) The Development of Intelligence in Children (1908)

BINET-SIMON TEST 1919—DUTCH VERSION

Degrees of Feeblemindedness IDIOT: Mental Age less than 3 years IMBECILE: Mental Age between 3 and 7 FEEBLEMINDED or MORON: Mental Age of 8-12 years of Age.

American Association for the Study of the Feeble-Minded 1910

Psychologist Administering an Intelligence Test, c. 1930

Mental Testing in the American Educational System American School Journal, 1922

Psychological Testing of Immigrants, Ellis Island Archives of the History of Psychology, Akron, Ohio

Stanford Revision of the Binet- Simon Intelligence ScSle IQ—Intelligence Quotient Developed by Lewis Terman Professor of Education Stanford University, 1916 Mental age (Binet Score), divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100. The mean was set at 100.

Image from a pamphlet entitled:The Menace of the Feeble-Minded (1919) The Kallikak Family H.H. Goddard (1912)

From a 1915 pamphlet of the Juvenile Protective Association of Cincinnati

Eugenics Organizations Eugenics Society (London) 1907 Sir Francis Galton as Honorary President Eugenics Record Office 1910 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory New York (under direction of biologist Charles Davenport and Harry Laughlin) Race Betterment Foundation,Galton Society, Eugenics Education Societies and other local groups American Eugenics Society 1923 (with 28 State committees)

Army Testers: Committee on the Psychological Examination of Recruits Yerkes, Goddard, Terman, 1917

Test 6 of the Army Beta Task is to fill in the missing elements of the pictures