Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University Intelligent Buildings - a short overview Kjeld Svidt November 2004

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University What ? Examples Introduction Remote control, LON Remote control, EIB

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University Why intelligent buildings? Comfort –Thermal –Visual –Ergonomic Economy –Energy –Work efficiency –Other resources Safety –Health –Data –Equipment –...

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University What is an intelligent building? Intelligent buildings are buildings that through their physical design and IT installations are responsive, flexible and adaptive to changing needs from its users and the organisations that inhabit the building during it's life time. The building will supply services for its inhabitants, its administration and operation & maintenance. The intelligent building will accomplish transparent 'intelligent' behaviour, have state memory, support human and installation systems communication, and be equipped with sensors and actuators. Per Christiansson (2000)

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University Intelligent building characteristics (1) 1.be flexible and responsive to different usage and environmental contexts such as office, home, hotel, and industry invoking different kinds of loads from nature, people, and building systems, 2.be able to change states (clearly defined) with respect to functions and user demands over time and building spaces (easy to program and re-program during use) 3.support human communication (between individuals and groups) 4.provide transparent intelligence and be simple and understandable to the users (support ubiquitous computers and networks) Per Christiansson (2000)

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University Intelligent building characteristics (2) 5.have a distributed long term and short term memory 6.contain tenant, O&M, and administration service systems 7.support introduction of new (sometimes not yet defined) services 8.be equipped with sensors (stationary and mobile) for direct or indirect input and manipulation of signals from users, systems and the building structure 9.be equipped with actuators for direct or indirect manipulation of installations and the building structure Per Christiansson (2000)

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University Intelligent building characteristics (3) 10.accomplish 'intelligent' behaviour (self diagnosis, trigger actions on certain events and even learn from use) 11.integrate different IBI systems to form complex systems 12.contain IBI life time standardized solutions as far as possible 13.be well documented (in 3D with functional descriptions) available in Virtual Reality with physical structure overlay Per Christiansson (2000)

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University Intelligent building characteristics (4) 14.provide canalization (information roads) that shall house 'wires' carrying new services 15.be able to handle high band width information transfer. 16.provide dynamic secure information domains (i.e not based on a non-routed Ethernet in a residential block) 17.be open to efficient communication between applications based on for example XML implementations (Christiansson 1998), and platform independent solutions as Jini on Java Virtual Machines, (see Per Christiansson (2000)

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University Intelligent Building history (1) 1980 –Yoneji Masuda writes the book 'Information Sociey' about changes in society, infornation and knowledge industries, participatory democracy, examples from Japan –AT&T establish the concept "INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS" due to marketing reasons. –The INFORMART building is erected in Dallas –The Smart House Development USA (NAtional Association of Home Builders, NAHB). –'Automated Buildings', 'High Tech. Buildings', 'Smart Houses'. –STS, Shared Tenants Services (using PABX, private automatic branch exchange, is an automatic telephone switching system within a private enterprise)---> –CSM, Communication Service Management.

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University Intelligent Building history (2) 1986: Seminar in Lund –man/machine environment poor –lack of knowledge –information vulnerability –flexibility requirements –no holistic problems view –coordination and procurement forms not adequate –lack of standards

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University Intelligent Building history (3) 1987 –N.Y. Times "I.B. is a dumb idea" –LonWorks technology work starts 1999 –Bluetooth wireless communication –LonWorks use Home Automation, 15% Industry Automation, 35% Building Automation, 35% Transport, etc.., 15%

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University Systems ”Traditional” systems –proprietary systems –complex cabling Fieldbus systems –reduced cabling –standardisation –higher accuracy

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University Fieldbus examples LON CAN Profibus Fieldbus Foundation P-net ASI Interbus

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University Major IBI systems in DK LON (Local Operating Network) EIB (European Installation Bus) IHC (Intelligent House Control) Other systems to consider –BAC-net (Building Automation and Control Network –TCP/IP

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University LON Technology LonTalk protocol –optimised for control networks Neuron Chip –microprocessor with integrated network support Other –network transceivers –routers –software

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University The LON Neuron

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University The LON House

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University LONWorks Advantages Scalable system –Plug and play devices Distributed intelligence Peer to peer communication Many physical transmission media supported Free topology (Ref: Hertel 2002)

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University BACnet, Building Automation Control Network First international standard, ISO for Building Automation Control Defines standard “objects” –Datapoints, Setpoints, Schedules, Calendars Defines standard “services” for –Data sharing, alarm & event management, Scheduling, Trending, Device & Network Management Defines standard communication media –IP, Ethernet, LON Talk, RS232,... Requires every vendor to specify the specifik BACnet content of its device Certifying BACnet devices started in 2004 by two official BACnet Testing Laboratories (BTL)

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University Protocols Transportprotocols (”telephone”, infrastructure) –TCP/IP –LON –... Applicationprotocols (languages) –LON Talk –EIB –BACnet –http (web pages) –ftp (file transfer) –Smtp ( )

Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University BACnet vinder indpas på management niveau LON Talk på field niveau, hvor der er brug for realtime dataudveksling