Bone Tissue get Vitamin D handout Quiz #1 opens today and is available until Monday 4/9 at 11pm

Quiz information 6 quizzes during the quarter 5 questions worth 2 points each = 10 points total Available Tuesday’s at 3pm until the following Monday at 11pm No make ups!! Clinical cases with multiple choice answers No time limit, open as many times as you want, change your answers – until you “SUBMIT” You need to “SUBMIT” the quiz After quiz closes, answers, scores and feedback will be available

Tissue type? Cell type? Type of epithelium? Where is it found (one example)? Tissue type (be specific)?

To do list for today functions of the skeleton bone shapes general features of bone – parts bone histology = cells + matrix structural disorders of bone osteoporosis introduction to skeleton bone markings appendicular skeleton

short flat irregular long Show bones

Fig. 6.2a(TE Art) Articular cartilage Epiphysis Epiphyseal line Spongy bone Compact bone Medullary cavity Diaphysis Periosteum Endosteum Epiphysis Articular cartilage

Fig. 6.2b(TE Art) Suture Spongy Bone (diploe) Compact bone

Compact bone Spongy bone Bone marrow periosteum osteon trabeculae Perforating fibers endosteum Central canal Perforating canal

Bone cells Osteoprogenitor ** Osteoblast ** ** osteocyte ** canaliculi

Bone dissolving macrophages ** Osteoclast ** Stem cells osteoclast Why dissolve bone??

Bone matrix 1/3 organic = flexibility collagen protein-carbo complexes 2/3 inorganic = strength calcium phosphate salt magnesium, sodium, potassium… Calcium and vitamin D need vitamin D to absorb calcium in the small intestine need UV to make vitamin D rickets = deficient vit D, soft bones

Shell-less chick no calcium, no ossified bone

Bone deposition = resorption Osteoporosis = porous bones decreased deposition increased resorption spongy bone affected bones become brittle women > men less bone mass lose it earlier & faster decrease in estrogen build bone mass 25-40!

Things that affect bone resorption or deposition: What about my latte milk? Does that count? Drink milk? Things that affect bone resorption or deposition: steroids – reduce osteoblast activity, lower Ca absorption estrogen & testosterone – increase osteoblast activity caffeine – binds Ca so it’s excreted smoking – decrease osteoblast production, impairs Ca absorption, interferes with ERT

Osteoporosis and Anatomy…. kyphosis Areas with more spongy bone www.pdrhealth.com/

“To name all of our bones!”

Fig. 7.1(TE Art) axial appendicular Parietal bone Frontal bone Temporal bone Zygomatic bone Skull Maxilla Occipital bone Mandible Mandible Clavicle Clavicle Scapula Scapula Thoracic cage Sternum Humerus Ribs Vertebral column Pelvic girdle Ulna Radius Carpus Metacarpal bones Phalanges Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Metatarsal bones Tarsus Phalanges Calcaneus appendicular

Head Crest Trochanters Line Epicondyles Condyles Linea aspera Epicondyles Bones remodel when stresses are placed on them! Condyles

Appendicular skeleton

The humerus is ____________ to the radius. Anatomical position?? Identify bone 1, 2, 3 & 4 The humerus is ____________ to the radius. The radius is ____________ to the ulna (anatomical position). List the bones that articulate with the humerus. 1 2 3 4

Fig. 8.4(TE Art) Anterior Posterior Olecranon Olecranon Trochlear notch Head of radius Head of radius Neck of radius Neck of radius Ulna Radius Interosseous membrane Head of ulna Styloid process Styloid process Styloid process Articular facets

The Axial Skeleton Bones of the skull parts of the skull sinuses development of skull Vertebral column curves vertebrae & discs C1 & C2 Thoracic cage parts ribs bony landmarks

Axial skeleton

cranial facial

Fig. 7.4a(TE Art) Frontal bone Parietal bone Ethmoid bone Nasal bone Sphenoid bone Nasal bone Occipital bone Lacrimal bone Temporal bone Maxilla Zygomatic bone Mastoid process Styloid process Mandibular condyle Mandible

Fig. 7.3(TE Art) Frontal bone Parietal bone Temporal bone Sphenoid bone Lacrimal bone Ethmoid bone Nasal bone Zygomatic bone Nasal conchae Vomer Maxilla Mandible

Fig. 7.5a(TE Art) Palatine bone Zygomatic bone Nasal choana Vomer Occipital condyle Carotid canal Foramen magnum Temporal bone Parietal bone External occipital protuberance Occipital bone

Sinuses Frontal Ethmoid Maxillary (Sphenoid) Mucous membrane: pseudostratified columnar epithelium, ciliated, goblet cells

Mandible without teeth Skull changes over time

Fig. 7.31(TE Art) Coronal suture Lambdoid suture Squamous suture Sphenoid bone Mandible Sphenoid fontanel Anterior fontanel Sagittal suture Parietal bone Posterior fontanel

Spine Vertebral column Backbone

Normal and abnormal curves of the vertebral column

Intervertebral disc posterior Spinous process Transverse process Body Nucleus pulposus Annulus fibrosus

Annulus fibrosus = fibrocartilage

Herniated disc (slipped disc)

C1 or Atlas C2 or Axis C1- occipital condyle nodding “yes” Superior articular facet C2 or Axis Dens C1- occipital condyle nodding “yes” C1- C2 via dens rotation “no” Transverse foramen

View?

Ribs & thoracic vertebrae articulations

Summary…. Please go over joint movements!! Think about a joint injury you’ve had (sprained ankle, knee or wrist). How did you do it? What happened to that joint after the injury?