Introduction to Computers and Programming Using Java Professor Deena Engel V : Section 1 Office hours: MW 12:00 - 1:00 in room 526 of Warren Weaver Hall, or at other times by appointment.  2003 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Customized by Deena Engel for the use of this class.

Course Objectives Upon completing the course, you will understand  Java programming Primitive data types Java control flow structure Methods Arrays Java Applets

Course Objectives, cont. You will be able to  Write, compile and run JAVA programs.  Create and use methods  Develop Java applets  Write interesting projects  Establish a firm foundation on Java concepts

Course Text Book Java: Introduction to Computer Science and Programming, by Walter Savitch, Prentice Hall Available at the NYU Bookstore Book includes a CD-ROM with all programs. Lectures in PowerPoint format and programs which we write in class will be posted to the class website. Please keep up with the reading!

Book Chapters to be covered in this class: Chapter 1 Introduction to Java Chapter 2 Primitive Data Types and Operations Chapter 3 Control Statements:  Selection Statements: If / else statements  Loop statements: for and while loops Chapters 4 and 5: Methods Chapter 6: Arrays Chapter 13: Java Applets

Course Prerequisites Prerequisites:  No prior programming experience required (Really!!) Who should be taking this course:  students who want to switch to a computer science major  students who want to take a computer science minor or a computer applications minor (  students who are interested in programming You must get a C or better in this class to take further computer science classes as a major.

Administrative Matters

Course Web Site Course web site is available at: 001/index.htm 001/index.htm Web site contains the following information:  Administrative information  Course Syllabus  Homework assignments  Class notes  Class programs  Sample exams  Compiler instructions  Links to the class mailing list

Class mailing list First assignment is to join it. Do it today!  Go to following link and and follow the instructions : All assignments and news will be sent to the class list Homework questions may be sent to the list and answered by students when possible.

Software For the course, we will be using NetBeans & SUN JDK software to create, edit, compile and run our JAVA programs These programs are free and you can download and use them for your home computer. If you do not have your own computer, the computer labs on campus have this compiler.

Grading Your grade will be determined as follows:  Midterm Exam (30%)  Homeworks (30%)  Final Exam (40%)

homework Ten points will be deducted for each class day late With a possible maximum of 30 points being deducted. Home works will not be accepted after the third class following its due date. Submit the program via to the grader (more on this later) Buy a few floppy disks: For you own good you must save all programs on a disk and back them up on another disk. Computer crashes or lost programs are not valid excuses for not handing in an assignment!

A Word About Cheating For the purposes of this class, cheating is defined as:  Copying all or part of another student's homework, project or exam.  Allowing another student to copy all or part of your homework, project, or exam.  Discussing homework concepts is fine, but you must submit your own work  However … If you work with a partner, you must both tell me and the grader when the homework is submitted that you worked together and also note that in the program comments. If you are caught cheating, you will receive an immediate FAILURE for the course.

Student Civility In an effort to make this class enjoyable for everybody…  Please be on time to class!  Please do not talk to your friends and neighbors in class! It disturbs everyone, and makes it hard to concentrate. If you have a question, just ask me!  Please turn your pagers and cell-phones off!

Getting Help Whenever you have a question about the course material, please feel free to drop by during my office hours or write me an message. If at any time you feel that you are falling behind or are overwhelmed by the material, please let me know and I will be very happy to help you. Help is always available! Option1: Come to my Office Hours  Mondays and Wednesdays 12:00 – 1:00  Location: Room 526 Warren Weaver Hall  If you cannot make my office hours, I will be happy to make an appointment with you at another time. Option 2: Write to me or the class mailing list

Basic Computing information and history

What is a Computer? Computer  Device capable of performing computations and making logical decisions  Computers process data under the control of sets of instructions called computer programs Hardware  Various devices comprising a computer  Keyboard, screen, mouse, disks, memory, CD-ROM, and processing units Software  Programs that run on a computer

Hardware Trends Every year or two the following approximately double:  Amount of memory in which to execute programs  Amount of secondary storage (such as disk storage) Used to hold programs and data over the longer term  Processor speeds The speeds at which computers execute their programs

Computer Organization Six logical units in every computer:  Input unit Obtains information from input devices (keyboard, mouse)  Output unit Outputs information (to screen, to printer, to control other devices)  Memory unit Rapid access, low capacity, stores input information  Arithmetic and logic unit (ALU) Performs arithmetic calculations and logic decisions  Central processing unit (CPU) Supervises and coordinates the other sections of the computer  Secondary storage unit Cheap, long-term, high-capacity storage Stores inactive programs

Evolution of Operating Systems Single_user Batch processing  Do only one job or task at a time Early Operating systems  Manage transitions between jobs (minimizing transition time between jobs)  Increased throughput Amount of work computers process Multiprogramming  Computer resources are shared by many jobs or tasks (users still waited a long time for their output) Timesharing (access computers via terminals)  Computer runs a small portion of one user’s job then moves on to service the next user

Personal Computers Personal computers  Economical enough for individual  Popularized by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak with the introduction of the Apple in  In 1981 IBM introduced the IBM personal computer using “off the shelf” components. Distributed computing  Computing distributed over networks Client/server computing  Sharing of information across computer networks between file servers and clients (personal computers)

Programming languages Three types of programming languages  Machine languages Strings of numbers giving machine specific instructions Example:  Assembly languages English-like abbreviations representing elementary computer operations (translated via assemblers)  Example: LOAD BASEPAY ADD OVERPAY STORE GROSSPAY  High-level languages Codes similar to everyday English Use mathematical notations (translated via compilers) Example: grossPay = basePay + overTimePay

Other High-level Languages high-level languages  FORTRAN Used for scientific and engineering applications  COBOL Used to manipulate large amounts of data  Pascal Intended for academic use  Ada Used in Defense Department Applications

Structured Programming Structured programming  Disciplined approach to writing programs  Clear, easy to test and debug and easy to modify Structured programming is hard and takes time to master

The Key Software Trend: Object Technology Objects  Reusable software components that model items in the real world  Meaningful software units Date objects, time objects, paycheck objects, invoice objects, audio objects, video objects, file objects, record objects, etc. Any noun can be represented as an object  More understandable, better organized, and easier to maintain than procedural programming

Good luck! Please speak to me if you have questions or comments Deena Engel (mail to: