District Level Implementation of Secondary & Tertiary PBS Interventions: So Our Universal System is Working! What’s Next? Chris Borgmeier, PhD Portland State University Cindy Anderson, PhD University of Oregon

How do we improve support for students with challenging behavior in schools?

Evidence Based Practices  Early Identification & Intervention Screening & Identification  Match student to appropriate, research based interventions Function-Based Support  Positive Behavior Support Prevention oriented interventions Teaching basic skills Reinforce desired behavior Discontinue reinforcement of problem behavior  Data Based Decision Making Progress monitoring

Challenge = Implementation  Limited resources Time, money, expertise, etc.  Limited focus on Implementation Need to define the systems to support sustained, accurate implementation of I-PBS Starts with strategic, long-term district planning

GOOD FASTCHEAP When implementing an innovation, you may pick any two. Wexelblatt’s Scheduling Algorithm

Solution Effective intervention practices and programs + Effective implementation practices Good outcomes for students No other combination of factors reliably produces desired outcomes

Intensive Positive Behavior Support Supporting Students with Behavioral Challenges Efficiently and Effectively

IPBS: The Big Ideas  Do the easy stuff first (efficiency is a major goal)  Processes are as important as practices  Teaming is critical  Administrative support is critical

Elements of SWPBS Outcomes Supporting Decision Making Systems Supporting Staff Behavior Practices Supporting Student Behavior OUTCOMES

 Multiple ways of identifying students who may benefit Office discipline referrals Request for assistance Formative evaluations Practices Sample Formative Evaluation Continuum of supports Interventions for academic and social behavior linked

Outcomes Supporting Decision Making Systems Supporting Staff Behavior Practices Supporting Student Behavior OUTCOMES

 Teams to support all students  On-going coaching  Access to assistance Assistance for teachers Assistance for team members Systems

Supporting Staff Behavior Practices Supporting Student Behavior OUTCOMES Outcomes Supporting Decision Making

 Individual students Tools for data collection Tools for easy graphing and evaluation Teachers receive feedback regularly Parents receive feedback regularly  Effects of system monitored Outcomes Fidelity Social validity Outcomes/Data DailyFidelity

SWIS-CICO Data Entry page

SWIS-CICO Report Support Plan Change Description 09/10/2008Check out with Joe Binder 09/19/2008Check in and out with Joe Binder

 Our Goal: Supporting students with significant challenges With positive outcomes With fidelity Over time

IPBS  8 model schools, 16 scaling schools  Criterion for Implementation: >85 on ISSET Model schools: 6/8 (75%) Scaling schools: 10/16 (63%)

Model Schools >85 <85

Scaling Schools >85 <85

Applying the Science of Implementation to SW-PBS Individual Student Systems District-level Planning

Overview of PBS Organization Logic Behavior Specialist

© Fixsen & Blase, 2008 Performance Assessment (Fidelity) Coaching Training Selection Systems Intervention Facilitative Administration Decision Support Data System Competency Organization Student Benefits Leadership Adaptive Technical Integrated & Compensatory

Leadership  Technical or Adaptive?  Technical Leadership required when: Views/values & perspectives are aligned Definition of the problem is clear Solution is relatively clear; simply need to organize the work  Adaptive Leadership required when: Different & Competing perspectives Definition of the problem is unclear Solution is unclear How to do I-PBS How to build readiness & openness to I-PBS

Knowing Your Community Attention needs to be paid to:  Providing leadership for the initiative  Creating buy-in from stakeholders,  Cultivating and informing champions,  Promoting structures and processes for frequent and accurate communication at multiple levels with lots of opportunity for feedback from diverse groups of stakeholders  And examination of feasibility of implementation all along the way

Leadership (Integrated)  Oversee Implementation effort -- Consistency in philosophy, goals, knowledge & skills across Implementation Effort & Drivers  Active advocate (Champion) for seeing this process through who has a strong understanding of IPBS continuum and plan  Formalize a clear link to district priorities Consistent topic in District Leadership team discussions Policy considerations Align District (CIP) & School Improvement goals (SIP)

Policy Practice Feedback Loops District Admin & Ldrsp Team School Behavior Specialist & IPBS team District Behavior Specialist PDSA cycle District Policy (Plan) Practice (Do) Feedback Study - Act Policy Enabled Practices (PEP) Practice Informed Policy (PIP) Compensatory Leadership

© Fixsen & Blase, 2008 Performance Assessment (Fidelity) Coaching Training Selection Systems Intervention Facilitative Administration Decision Support Data System Competency Organization Student Benefits Leadership Adaptive Technical Integrated & Compensatory

Systems Interventions  Planning for Personnel & Resources Behavior Specialists – FTE  District & Building Clearly define roles, responsibilities & expectations  FTE for Tier 2 Interventions (CICO, etc.)  Link RTI system w/ Placement Coordination Training/ Coaching/ Feedback sequence to build intervention systems  Strategic, Progressive Implementation Tier 2 interventions & IPBS team Tier 3 FBA/BSP skills

Structuring positions  District Behavior Specialist  Redefine responsibilities How many schools per behavior specialist?  Building Person(s) with FTE & skills to carry out responsibilities of IPBS team  Flexibility in schedule for meeting times & data collection  Organized w/ data skills  Behavioral expertise & skills Flexibility for data collection, coaching & implementation fidelity checks

District Behavior Specialist Responsibilities  Coaching On-site team support for implementing intervention and teaming process  Evaluation Monitor team implementation of IPBS  Team meeting process  Fidelity of data entry, decision making  Fidelity of intervention implementation (Tier 2 & 3; in due time) Complete fidelity measures and action planning with school teams related to systems implementation  CISS  Coordination Communication of progress & needs b/w school & district leadership team  Plan training, coaching, assessment schedules  Identify systems & resource needs

Systems Interventions Systemic links to formalize: Special Ed placement coordination & resource allocation – RTI model (example in next slides) District data systems Formally define (through job descriptions, hiring practices, performance review) the roles and responsibilities of:  Building administrators/ School psychologists/ Counselors  Special educators/ Gen Ed teachers & staff

Individual Student Behavior Support Continuum Identify who can sign off on each level? Dx Beh Spec? Placement Coord? School Psyc?

Behavior Review Decision Flowchart

Facilitative Administration  Remove barriers Overcome history of moving students to more restrictive placements w/ little use of data to evaluate student response to interventions Not my responsibility to teach “these” students Philosophical differences – problem in student, not environment Lack of effective interventions; no continuum Intervention not implemented with fidelity Limited & decreasing resources to carry out interventions & teaming processes Existing team process and routines limit use of data & interventions Resistance to changing responsibilities of Behavior Specialists Limited Data systems

Strategically Selecting Schools  School readiness  Strong implementation of SW-PBS Universal System for 2+ years (e.g. 80%+ on SET)  Strong administrative support and commitment  You want early implementers should have a high likelihood of success – choose wisely Become our local demonstrations

Facilitative Administration  Increasing awareness and buy-in with Gen Ed staff members and administrators Train general educators on roles and responsibilities in intervention  basics of ABC & behavior support Increase understanding of school accountability for students with challenging behavior  State monitoring related to LRE (student placement in more restrictive settings) Need to look beyond ODR data (see Data Audit Tool)

Sample District SpEd Reports from ODE (items linked w/ Behavior Support)

Behavior Data Summary School & District

Behavior Data Summary School & District(cont.)

Decision Support Data System  I-PBS is a data-based system  Without an effective data system, teams will not use data and cannot provide effective secondary & tertiary support  Data is used to inform: Student identification Student progress monitoring To inform intervention changes

Performance Assessment  District Administrator should set up periodic (monthly?) meetings to review data w/ district Behavior Specialist Make sure District Behavior Specialist is focusing on systems implementation priorities  District Behavior Specialist hold regular meetings with all Building Behavior Specialists and/or IPBS team leaders To review data, address challenges, share successes, identify training & resource needs, etc. District Admin & Ldrsp Team School Behavior Specialist & IPBS team District Behavior Specialist

© Fixsen & Blase, 2008 Performance Assessment (Fidelity) Coaching Training Selection Systems Intervention Facilitative Administration Decision Support Data System Competency Organization Student Benefits Leadership Adaptive Technical Integrated & Compensatory

Competency Drivers  Selection/ Training / Coaching / Performance Assessment  District level Behavior Specialist(s) &  Building level roles Behavior Specialists IPBS team leader Tier 2 intervention coordinators

District Level Behavior Specialist  Must have expertise in advanced function-based support and in linking with families and community supports  Selection (extremely important) Start w/ job & role description & clarity Use an interactive interview process w/ behavioral vignettes & rehearsals  Submit examples of previously completed FBA/BSP w/ data  Have interviewee complete a brief FBA interview  Provide FBA vignettes & ask to develop suggestions for a BSP

Selection  District Behavior Specialist Require significant behavioral expertise Strong consultation skills Good data analysis and management skills  Building IPBS Building administrator invested in supporting students in building & actively involved Data management person IPBS Team facilitator Building Behavior Specialist Tier 2 intervention managers

Training  Strategic Sequential Training Sequence Can’t do all of this at once  Continually assess individual school readiness to move forward Established Tier 1 Interventions (2+ years) Tier 2 Interventions & IPBS teaming process  Need structures (data tools, admin support, resources/FTE for tier 2 interventions & IPBS teaming) in place in order to make investment in training & coaching worthwhile Tier 3 Interventions  Without Tier 2 effectively in place – in most schools tier 3 is often an insurmountable battle

Training Assuming effective universal systems  Tier 2 Interventions CICO (check fidelity of implementation) Add’l interventions & using data to select appropriate interventions  Elem v. Secondary  IPBS Teaming Process Data systems & Data Based Decision Making

District Behavior Specialist On-site Coaching Support  Initially, serve as Systems coach for implementation of: Tier 2 Interventions IPBS team process  Data collection, analysis and decision making Coach Building behavior specialists and team members to effectively perform required tasks of IPBS process  Once teams are implementing more effectively, then: Provide more intensive support to develop FBA/BSP skills in schools Provide direct support for students requiring most intensive behavior support (in school intervention & community supports)

Performance Assessment  Monitoring performance of school teams Monitoring team data collection & data based decision making  Are all students in need of support being identified and provided support in a timely manner?  Are students responding to interventions?  Are the interventions (Tier 2) working for majority of students being referred? Are they worth the investment?  Are the interventions (Tier 2) being implemented with fidelity? Regularly complete fidelity measures (CISS, etc.)

Performance Assessment  When schools are ready to move to Tier 3 Focus (FBA/BSP) Performance assessment will focus on individual student plans  Effective FBA  Do Behavioral Interventions match function of behavior?  Data collected consistently?  Data measuring correct behavior?  Is intervention being implemented accurately?  Is the plan being reviewed and appropriate decisions being made?

Behavior Specialist Training  Nov. 9 th Coaches Institute  When: 9:00 am – 3:30 pm  Where: OSU Alumni Center, Corvallis, OR  For more information:  Find slides & materials at: Click on “Recent Training Materials”