Grace Murray Hopper By: Margaret Girard, Brandon Fitzgerald and Tabitha Thibault

Early Childhood and Family December 9, 1906 NYC December 9, 1906 NYC Walter Fletcher Murray Walter Fletcher Murray Mary Campbell Horne Murray Mary Campbell Horne Murray Named after her mother’s best friend Grace Brewster Named after her mother’s best friend Grace Brewster ‘Amazing Grace’ ‘Amazing Grace’ Oldest of three children Oldest of three children Mary Mary Roger Roger

Hobbies and Interests Summer Vacations Summer Vacations Kick the Can Kick the Can Hide and Seek Hide and Seek Cops and Robbers Cops and Robbers Reading Reading Needlepoint Needlepoint Playing the Piano Playing the Piano

Grace at a Young Age Very Curious Very Curious Alarm Clocks Alarm Clocks Practice Math Skills Practice Math Skills Father’s Influence Father’s Influence

Grammar School Graham School Graham School Schoonmakers School Schoonmakers School Played basketball, water polo, and field hockey. Played basketball, water polo, and field hockey.

College Degrees Applied to Vassar in 1923 Applied to Vassar in 1923 Failed first attempt Failed first attempt Attended Hartridge in NJ Attended Hartridge in NJ Phi Beta Kappa 1928 Phi Beta Kappa 1928 Bachelors Degrees Bachelors Degrees

After College Marriage Marriage Teaching Teaching Published Paper- “The ungenerated seven as an index to Pythagorean number theory” Published Paper- “The ungenerated seven as an index to Pythagorean number theory” Divorced in 1946 Divorced in 1946

Pre Military Career Math Teacher at Yale University until 1934 Math Teacher at Yale University until 1934 Left Yale Left Yale Began teaching at Vassar, an all girls school Began teaching at Vassar, an all girls school

Beginning Military Career 34-years-old 34-years-old wanted to join the Navy Waves (Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service) wanted to join the Navy Waves (Women Accepted for Voluntary Emergency Service) Too old to enlist, and too skinny Too old to enlist, and too skinny December 1943 December 1943 Officially in the United States Navy Officially in the United States Navy First active duty assignment-Bureau of Ordnance Computation Project at Harvard University (worked on Mark I, and wrote Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence- Controlled Calculator) First active duty assignment-Bureau of Ordnance Computation Project at Harvard University (worked on Mark I, and wrote Manual of Operation for the Automatic Sequence- Controlled Calculator) Worked under Howard H. Aiken Worked under Howard H. Aiken

Influenced to Join the Navy December 7, 1941 December 7, 1941 Pearl Harbor, American Navy Base was bombed Pearl Harbor, American Navy Base was bombed Family had a strong military background Family had a strong military background

Trying to Retire Grace retires at age 57 Grace retires at age 57 Received rank of commander Received rank of commander Retirement last one year Retirement last one year 1967, called back into duty 1967, called back into duty

Returning for More Assigned to Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy Assigned to Special Assistant to the Secretary of the Navy Worked as an Automatic Data Processor for six months Worked as an Automatic Data Processor for six months Becomes Captain Grace Murray Hopper Becomes Captain Grace Murray Hopper Appointed Advisor to Commandor Appointed Advisor to Commandor

Serving the Navy Proudly Involuntarily retires at age 74 Involuntarily retires at age 74 Served for 43 years Served for 43 years Promoted to Admiral Grace Murray Hopper Promoted to Admiral Grace Murray Hopper One of only a few women to receive such an honor One of only a few women to receive such an honor Oldest personnel retiree in Navy history Oldest personnel retiree in Navy history One of the last WWII participant to leave active duty One of the last WWII participant to leave active duty

Grace Hopper’s Contributions to Computers

Programming The First Computers Invented the first compiler in 1952 (A-0) Invented the first compiler in 1952 (A-0) It translated symbolic mathematical code into machine code allowing computers to understand “human” instructions It translated symbolic mathematical code into machine code allowing computers to understand “human” instructions FLOW-MATIC (B-0) FLOW-MATIC (B-0) She taught UNIVAC I and II, which were two of the first commercial computers to understand twenty English-like statements by the end of She taught UNIVAC I and II, which were two of the first commercial computers to understand twenty English-like statements by the end of Used for business tasks, led to COBOL Used for business tasks, led to COBOL

Co-inventor of COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) COBOL made it possible for computers to respond to words rather than numbers. COBOL made it possible for computers to respond to words rather than numbers. Developed a common language with which computers could communicate Developed a common language with which computers could communicate most widely used computer most widely used computer business language in the world business language in the world enabled firms large and small enabled firms large and small to compile computerized payroll, to compile computerized payroll, billing, and other records. billing, and other records.

The Mark 1 The First Modern Computer Measured 51 feet long, 8 feet tall, and weighed 5 tons Howard Aiken and Grace Hopper at Harvard University built it. The U.S. Navy used it during World War II.

The First "Computer Bug" Moth found trapped in the Mark II Aiken Relay Calculator while it was being tested at Harvard University, 9 September The Mark 2 Aiken Relay Calculator The Mark II

Awards Named the first computer science Man of the Year in 1969 Named the first computer science Man of the Year in 1969 The first woman to be elected Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society in 1973 The first woman to be elected Distinguished Fellow of the British Computer Society in 1973 In 1991 President George Bush awarded Hopper the National Medal of Technology In 1991 President George Bush awarded Hopper the National Medal of Technology Received at least 37 honorary degrees Received at least 37 honorary degrees

Achievements Retiring from the Navy as a Rear Admiral and the oldest serving officer at that time Retiring from the Navy as a Rear Admiral and the oldest serving officer at that time Being the first woman to be awarded a Ph.D. in Mathematics from Yale University. Being the first woman to be awarded a Ph.D. in Mathematics from Yale University. She was the first Naval Reserve woman to be called back to active duty. She was the first Naval Reserve woman to be called back to active duty.

Grace Hopper Died on January 1, 1992 Grace Hopper Died on January 1, 1992 She is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, in the middle of Section 59 (59/973) She is buried in Arlington National Cemetery, in the middle of Section 59 (59/973)

Remembering Grace Grace's Place is a museum about computers and information technology. It was named in memory of Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, in recognition of her contribution to computing in general, and specifically business computing. Grace's Place is a museum about computers and information technology. It was named in memory of Rear Admiral Grace Murray Hopper, in recognition of her contribution to computing in general, and specifically business computing.