African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analyses Afrikanske Monsun: Multidisiplinære Analyser Afrikaanse Moesson Multidisciplinaire Analyse Analisi Multidisciplinare per il Monsone Africano Afrikanischer Monsun: Multidisziplinäre Analysen  Analisis Multidiciplinar de los Monzones Africanos  Analyses Multidisciplinaires de la Mousson Africaine

Building AMMA To reach AMMA aims, need to coordinate -Science (Challenge: disciplines, scales) -Implementation (Obs, Model,..) -Data archive and sharing -Funding issues ACMAD AGRYMET African Univ ASECNA CERMES DMN, DHN,, EIER, others... Others in Europe INTEO,... France CATCH White Book AMMA-API UK NERC DABEX DODO Germany IMPETUS VOLTA USA ARM-DOE NOAA NASA Pan-african initiative (PIAF) EU Integrated Project

AIMS (1)To improve our understanding of the WAM and its influence on the physical, chemical & biological environment regionally and globally. (2) To provide the underpinning science that relates variability of the WAM to issues of health, water resources, food security & demography for West African nations and defining and implementing relevant monitoring & prediction strategies. (3) To ensure that the multidisciplinary research carried out in AMMA is effectively integrated with prediction & decision making activity.

Aerosols Chemistry Monsoon Dynamics IMPACTS Water Ressources Public Health Food security Multi-disciplinary research Socio-Economy Decision Makers Early Warning Systems, Advices, … WEATHER & CLIMATE PREDICTION & ITS IMPACTS Medium Range Seasonal-Interannual Decadal Climate Change Models & Observations

ISSC IGB Produces the Science & Implementation Plans Endorses the Science & Implementation Plans Links with International Programmes (WCRP, IGBP, THORPEX,..) ST4 Capacity building & training WG1 WG2 WG3 WG4 WG5 WAM & global climate ( incl aerosol/chemistry Water cycle Land surface-atmosphere- ocean feedbacks Prediction of climate impacts High impact weather prediction Integrative Science PO TT1 Radio soundings TT2a Surface Layer TT3 Gourma site TT4 Niamey site TT5 Ouémé site TT6 Oceaic campaigns TT7 SOP-Dry season TT8 SOP-Monsoon season TT9SOP-Downstream ST2 incl AOC ST3 Database ST1 EOP/LOP Obs implementation ICIGTT2b Aerosol & Radiation AMMA National & Pan Scientific Committees ARM

International Scientific Steering Committee Membership: Ernest Afiesimama, Abel Afouda, Abou Amani, Anton Beljaars, Bernard Bourles, Arona Diedhiou, Andreas Fink, Amadou Gaye, Jim Haywood, Paul Houser, Peter Lamb, Thierry Lebel, Bob Molinari, Doug Parker, Jan Polcher, Joe Prospero, Claire Reeves, Madeline Thomson Co-Chairs: Jean-Luc Redelsperger, Chris Thorncroft ISSC responsible for: Formulation of well defined scientific objectives and a coherent program, to address the three overarching aims To coordinate integrative work through the establishment of the 5 international WGs

WG1: West African Monsoon and Global Climate 2-way interactions between West African Monsoon & the rest of the globe to determine the variability of the WAM and its global impacts  to understand and to predict the multi-scale variability of the aspects of global climate linked to the WAM Including: Aerosol and chemistry activities Modelling activity Co-leaders: Arona Diedhiou (IRD, Niger), Serge Janicot (LOCEAN, France) Peter Lamb (Univ. Oklahoma, US)

WG1: West African Monsoon and Global Climate Observed and modeled rainfall (with labels for onset and retreat) for Niamey based on area-average of 50 gauges and model simulated rainfall ( Lebel et al, 2000). Time series ( ) of average normalized April- October rainfall departure for 20 stations in the West African Soudano-Sahel zone (11-18N and West of 10E); following methodology of Lamb and Peppler, 1992).

WG1: West African Monsoon and Global Climate Dominant pattern of precipitation error associated with dominant pattern of SST prediction error based on persistent SST anomalies (Goddard & Mason,Climate Dynamics, 2002) Coupled model systematic error in equatorial SST simulation – note systematic error in east-west gradient in the tropical Atlantic

WG2: Water Cycle Co-leaders: Amadou Gaye (Univ. Dakar, Senegal), Paul Houser (George Mason, US), Jean-Luc Redelsperger (CNRM, France) Analysis & Understanding of the water cycle at regional-scale, mesoscale and local scale Downscaling issues for impact studies

Global SST Teleconnections Mesoscale Convective Systems Convective Cells Monsoon System Easterly waves GG SST Variability Global Mesoscale Regional Local YearSeasonDay Hour Major River Basins Catchments Vegetation Pools Vegetation 10 4 km 10 3 km 10 2 km 10 1 km SOP EOP LOP SATELLITESSATELLITES OBSERVATIONSOBSERVATIONS M O D E L L I N G / F O R E C A S T S A multiscale approach Downscaling for impact studies Scale Interactions Water vapor transport Trace gaz, Aerosols, etc

WG3a: Land-surface-atmosphere feedbacks To provide increased knowledge & understanding of the feedbacks between the continental surface & the atmosphere  to bring together the various process studies (land and atmosphere) in order to better understand the coupling at regional and mesoscale Co-leaders: Jan Polcher (LMD, France); Chris Taylor (CEH, UK)

WG3a: Land-surface-atmosphere feedbacks Koster et al, 2004

WG3b: Ocean-surface-atmosphere feedbacks To provide increased knowledge & understanding of the feedbacks between the ocean surface & the atmosphere  to bring together the various process studies (ocean and atmosphere) in order to better understand the coupling at regional scales Co-leaders: Bernard Bourles

WG4: Prediction of climate impacts Co-leaders: Abou Amani (AGHRYMET, Niger), Andy Morse (Univ. Liverpool, UK), Madeleine Thompson (IRI, US) One of the 3 major aims of AMMA: To provide the underpinning science that relates climate variability to issues of health, water resources, food security & demography for West African nations and defining relevant monitoring and prediction strategies.

Semaine du maximum du cycle saisonnier (hiver) (Position du FIT la plus basse en latitude) Semaine de démarrage de l’épidémie January Prediction  Alert Systems Example: Meningitis epidemics in Mali WG4: Prediction of climate impacts

WG5: High impact weather prediction and predictability To improve our knowledge & understanding of high impact weather over Africa, including its impact on the tropical Atlantic and Europe. Key timescale of interest is 1-15 days CORE Membership: E. Afiesimama (NIMET), S. Jones (Un. Karlsuhe, Ger), D. Parsons (NCAR, US), F.Rabier (Meteo-France),C. Thorncroft (SUNY, US), Z. Toth (NCEP, US) Can we predict dry/wet spells 15-days in advance? Do such dry spells influence downstream tropical cyclone activity?

International Coordination & Implementation Group Co-chairs: Thierry Lebel (IRD-Niger) & Doug Parker (Un Leeds UK) ICIG is responsible for implementation of the AMMA field program

10 years of observation and research 10 3 E Enhanced Period (EOP) Long term Observations (LOP) 2002 WA +Ocean Meso Regional Local DRY 0 WET S O P SOP0_a3 ?

EOP Maps AMMA … TamanrassetTamanrasset Sal Khartoum EGEE Cruises From the continental to the local scaleNiamey

International Governing Board (IGB) Co-Chairs: Eric Brun (Meteo-France) and Alan Thorpe (NERC) Membership: G. Amanatidis (EU), J. Boulegue (IRD), W. Ferrel (DOE), A. Guiteye(Director Operational Dept ASECNA), J. Kaye (NASA), A. Kignaman-Soro (ACMAD/D & Representative PIREM), J. Laver (NOAA-NCEP), A. Ndiaye (WMO), N. Papineau (INSU & CNRS) To approve the structure and implementation of AMMA particularly with respect to the necessary financial and technical support. To identify and mobilize national & international resources to support AMMA activities. The first meeting took place on December 20 via video-conference

International AMMA Webpages International AMMA webpages have been developed to aid communication Unique entrance to all AMMA sites

AMMA is definitively International Endorsed by Major International Programmes More than 500 Researchers from around 30 countries in Africa, Europe & USA Algeria, Belgium, Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cap Verde, Chad, Congo, Denmark, France, Germany, Ghana, Italy, Ivory Coast, Mali, Morocco, Netherlands, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Spain, Togo, UK, US Collaboration with other international Programmes as: WMO

Founding Agencies Regional African Centers Agencies supporting AMMA With the participation of University of Cologne, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft-und Raumfharte, University of Leeds, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, University of Copenhagen, MEDIAS-France, University of Burgundy, Université Paris 12 - Val de Marne, Université Paul Sabatier, Centre de coopération Internationale gen Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, University of Bremen, Forschunggszentrum Kalsruhe, Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften, Ludwig-Maximilianns-Universitaet Muenchen, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms- Universität Bonn, Univerrsity of East Anglia, University of Liverpool, University of York, University of Leicester, University of Manchester, Chancellor, Masters and Scholars of University of Cambridge, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate, Enea per Nuove Technologie, l'Energia e l'Ambiente, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche -Institute of Biometeorology, Universita' di Perugia, Universidad de Castilla- La Mancha, Universitad Complutense de Madrid, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Université catholique de Louvain, European Ceeentre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts, Centre Régional AGRHYMET, Centre de Reecherche Médicale et Sanitaire, Ecole Inter-Etats d'Ingénieurs de l'Equipement JRural, African Centre of Meteorological Application for development, Vaisala OYJ, Ocean Scientific International Ltd, Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute, Agence pour la Sécurité de la Navigation Aérienne en Afrique et Madagascar, Kalsrhue University, Universite d Abomey- Calavi, Universite de Dakar, Universite de Niamey, Directions de la Meteorologie et de l Hydrologie du Benin, Burkina Faso, Cote dÍvoire, Ghana, Guinee, Mali, Niger, Senegal, Togo

AMMA a programme mobilizing the African & international Communities AMMA human issues & a scientific challenge AMMA a challenge for African Research

KEY ISSUES (1)Funding for Africans: AMMA-International is currently working to mobilize funds to support African participation in AMMA. This includes participation in AMMA meetings (workshops, conferences, working group meetings etc). It also includes support for AMMA science and proposals provided already by African scientists. Can the JSC help/advise? (2)AMMA – an Integrated Regional Study? AMMA-International would like to discuss the possibility of it becoming an IRS and to see in particular if this would help to mobilize resources for African participation in AMMA. (3)African representation on the JSC: We will recommend an African candidate to join the JSC (as requested) after we have had further discussions with the coordinators of AMMA-Africa. We will hope to provide this recommendation by the end of May.