Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics C HAPTER 1

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics2 Chapter Contents  Section A: Computer BasicsComputer Basics  Section B: Internet BasicsInternet Basics  Section C: Web BasicsWeb Basics  Section D: Basics Basics

1 SECTION A Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics3 Section A: Computer Basics  A Computer Is…  Computer Categories  Personal Computer Systems  Data, Information, and Files  Application Software and Operating System Basics

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics4 A Computer Is…  Device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics5 A Computer Is…  A stored program means that a series of instructions for a computing task can be loaded into a computer’s memory –Allows you to switch between tasks –Distinguishes a computer from other simpler devices

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics6 Computer Categories  Computers are categorized based on criteria such as usage, cost, size, and capability –Microcomputer –Personal computer –Desktop computer –Notebook computer –Tablet computer

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics7 Computer Categories –Handheld computer PDA –Workstation Computer network LAN –Videogame console Nintendo’s GameCube Sony’s PlayStation Microsoft’s Xbox

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics8 Computer Categories –Mainframe computer Processes data for hundreds of thousands of users –Supercomputer One of the fastest computers in the world –Server Supplies client computers with data

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics9 Personal Computer Systems  A computer system refers to a computer and all the input, output, and storage devices that are connected to it

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics10 Personal Computer Systems

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics11 Personal Computer Systems  Peripheral devices enhance the functionality of a computer

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics12 Data, Information, and Files  Data becomes information when it is presented in a format that people can understand and use –Digital format  A file is a named collection of data that exists on a storage medium –Data and executable files –File names and file extensions

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics13 Application Software and Operating System Basics  Application software –Set of computer programs that helps a person carry out a task  System software –Helps the computer system monitor itself and function efficiently –Operating systems Microsoft Windows Mac OS

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics14 Application Software and Operating System Basics  Two of the most popular personal computer platforms are PCs and Macs  PCs –Based on the design for the IBM PC  Macs –Based on a proprietary design for the Macintosh  PC and Mac platforms are not compatible

1 SECTION B Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics15 Section B: Internet Basics  Internet Resources  Internet Connections  Internet Service Providers  User IDs and Passwords

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics16 Internet Resources  The Internet is a collection of linked computer networks  Main communication routes referred to as the Internet backbone –TCP/IP

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics17 Internet Resources  Web sites  Search engines  Downloads and uploads  P2P file sharing

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics18 Internet Resources   Bulletin boards –Usenet  Blogs  Chat groups and instant messaging

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics19 Internet Resources  Internet telephony  E-commerce  Broadcasting  Remote access and control

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics20 Internet Connections  Dial-up connection –Simple and inexpensive –Signals travel over phone lines –Voiceband modem  Cable Internet service –Computer signals travel over cable TV lines –Cable modem –Always-on connection

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics21 Internet Connections To determine whether a computer has a modem, look for a place to plug in a standard phone cable.

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics22 Internet Connections  ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network) –Speeds are marginally better than dial-up  DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) –Up to 125 times faster than dial-up  DSS (Digital Satellite Service) –Average seed is 500 Kbps

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics23 Internet Service Providers  Maintains equipment to provide Internet access to subscribers  Where to locate a list of ISPs –Yellow Pages – –Your computer may contain a directory

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics24 Internet Service Providers  How to choose an ISP: –Geographical coverage –Type of service –Quality of service –Cost of monthly service –Cost of equipment and installation –Extra services –Customer service

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics25 User IDs and Passwords  Designed to provide access for authorized users –A user ID serves as a person’s unique identifier –A password verifies your identity –Case sensitive

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics26 User IDs and Passwords  Choosing a secure password

1 SECTION C Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics27 Section C: Web Basics  The World Wide Web  Browsers  Search Engines

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics28 The World Wide Web  Collection of files that can be linked and accessed using HTTP  The World Wide Web consists of: –Web pages –Links –Web sites –Web servers

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics29 The World Wide Web  Every Web page has a unique address, or URL  HTML is the standard format for Web documents

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics30 Browsers  Web browsers help you access Web pages –Microsoft Internet Explorer –Netscape Navigator –Mozilla Firefox

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics31 Browsers  Common browser features

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics32 Browsers  Browsers fetch and display Web pages  HTML tags tell the browser how to display information on the Web page

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics33 Browsers To copy a passage of text from a Web page, highlight the text, click the Edit menu, then select Copy. Next, switch to your own document and use the Paste option.

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics34 Search Engines  Web site that helps you find information  Different search engines return different results

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics35 Search Engines  A query describes the information you want to find –Keywords describe the information you’re trying to find –Search operators describe the relationship between keywords

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics36 Search Engines  A topic directory is a list of topics and subtopics –Arranged in a hierarchy

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics37 Search Engines  Search forms help you enter complex queries

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics38 Search Engines  Some search engines accept natural language queries –“Where can I find a review of The Producers?”

1 SECTION D Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics39 Section D: Basics  Overview  Netiquette  Spam  Technology

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics40 Overview  Any person with an account can send and receive messages

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics41 Overview  Basic activities –Writing –Reading –Replying –Forwarding

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics42 Overview  attachments are files that travel with an message – software converts attachments to MIME  HTML-compliant software  Additional features

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics43 Overview

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics44 Netiquette  Internet etiquette –Meaningful subject –Use uppercase and lowercase letters –Check spelling –Be careful what you send –Be polite –Be cautious with sarcasm and humor

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics45 Netiquette –Use smileys and text messaging shorthand cautiously –Use the Bcc function for group mailings –Don’t send replies to all recipients –Don’t send huge attachments –Explain attachments –Stay alert for viruses –Notify recipients of viruses

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics46 Spam  Unwanted electronic junk mail –Don’t reply –Don’t link –Guard your address –Use spam filters Automatically routes advertisements and other junk mail to appropriate folder –Report spam –Change your address

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics47 Technology  systems carry and manipulate messages – servers –Based on store-and-forward technology  Three types of systems widely used today: –POP –IMAP –Web-based

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics48 Technology  Web-based accounts allow you to use a browser to access your messages

1 Chapter 1: Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics49 Technology  A POP server is a computer that stores your incoming messages until they can be transferred to your hard disk – client software –SMTP server

C HAPTER 1 C OMPLETE Computer, Internet, Web, and Basics