13 - Viruses (for more details on pathogens see Ch 24 & 25)

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Presentation transcript:

13 - Viruses (for more details on pathogens see Ch 24 & 25)

Some Virus Resources on the Web: http://www.virology.net/garryfavweb.html International Committee on the Taxonomy of Viruses http://www.ictvdb.org/ Viral origins: http://www.mcb.uct.ac.za/tutorial/virorig.html

A virion capsomere

Relative size

Light & Fluorescent Microscopy Signs & Symptoms TEM DNA eg: PCR Serology

Nucleic Acid: DNA or RNA? If RNA, which kind? Retroviridae only From: Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple

Capsid morphology capsomere helical polyhedral

Capsid morphology complex, eg: T4 bacteriophage

Enveloped viruses

Phage plaques on bacterial lawn Phage culture Phage plaques on bacterial lawn (regular spacing is due to type of test & careful placement of samples)

Lytic Bacteriophage (like T4)

Lysogenic Bacteriophage (such as lambda)

Animal viruses: entry Other differences envelope? carry euk. Compartments effects

From: Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple

Parvoviridae Erythrovirus B19 adenovirus Erythrovirus B19 Fifth disease = erythema infectiosum = slapped-cheek disease (also: Parvovirus)

Mastadenovirus

Papillomaviridae Polyomaviridae Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) genital Polyomavirus JC = JCPyV -> causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) plantar (formerly together in Papovaviridae)

Poxviridae Orthopoxvirus variola virus (VARV) vaccinia virus (VACV) E. Jenner Poxviridae envelope Orthopoxvirus variola virus (VARV) vaccinia virus (VACV) cowpox virus (CPXV) camelpox virus (CMLV

Herpesviridae HHV2 = HSV2 Simplexvirus HHV1 = HSV1

Varicellavirus = HHV3 = VZV chickenpox shingles

Lymphocryptovirus (HHV4) = Epstein-Barr virus Cytomegalovirus (HHV5 = CMV) “mono” Normal retina with CMV

Roseolavirus = HHV6 & 7? roseola

Hepadnaviridae Orthohepadnavirus Hepatitis B

*ASTRO

Caliciviridae Norwalk virus = Norovirus Astroviridae: Astrovirus

Picornaviridae Enterovirus Human poliovirus -> polio “iron lungs” when respiratory muscles paralyzed

Rhinovirus Hepatovirus

Togaviridae Rubivirus rubella = German measles Alphavirus: Western equine encephalitis (WEE) EEE Venezuelan EE (VEE)

Flaviviridae Flavivirus spp. Yellow Fever Dengue (Bone-break) Fever Japanese, St. Louis, Russian & West Nile encephalitis

Hepacivirus Hepatitis C

Coronaviridae Human coronavirus (HcoV) SARS coronavirus -> Sudden Acute Respiratory Syndrome April 2003

Rhabdoviridae G: Lyssavirus -> rabies

Filoviridae Reston Ebola virus (REBOV) Zaire Ebola virus (ZEBOV) Marburg virus (MARV)

Rubulavirus -> mumps Paramyxoviridae Paroxyovirus Rubulavirus -> mumps Morbillivirus -> measles = rubeola Pneumovirus Human respiratory synctial virus (HRSV)

Orthomyxoviridae: Influenzavirus neuramidase hemagglutinin

Bunyaviridae Bunyavirus Hantavirus Hantaan virus (HTNV) -> Korean hemorrhagic fever = hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) Sin Nombre virus (SNV; originally Muerto Canyon virus) -> hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS)

Arenaviridae Arenavirus Lassa virus

Retroviridae Lentivirus eg: HIV Deltaretrovirus eg: HTLV-1, -2

Reoviridae Rotavirus Rotavirus A or B Coltivirus Colorado tick fever virus Orbivirus

Viroids Potato spindle tuber

normal (PrP) protein prion Prions cause transmissable spongiform encephalopathies normal (PrP) protein prion Examples of animal prion diseases: scrapie, BSE (mad cow), chronic wasting human prion diseases: Creutzfeldt-Jakob, kuru, (n)vCJD

Always surprises: giant viruses (2003) Relative sizes Fungal Small bacterium ~400 micrometers/ microns in dia. then: Sputnik viruses of Mimivirus (2008), stay tuned (each black spot is ~15 usual virus particles, so Mimivirus is about the size of 2-3 of those black spots together)