Physically-based Kinematic Model: from sandbox experiment Nina Lin Ge 277, Nov 7 2008 Readings: Bernard et al. (2007) Kinematics of fault-related folding.

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Presentation transcript:

Physically-based Kinematic Model: from sandbox experiment Nina Lin Ge 277, Nov Readings: Bernard et al. (2007) Kinematics of fault-related folding derived from a sandbox experiment, JGR Daëron et al. (2007) Modeling the shortening history of a fault tip fold using structural and geomorphic records of deformation, JGR

Q: How is the geologic deformation related to seismic cycles? Planar Fault Scenario

Q: How is the geologic deformation related to seismic cycles? Listric Fault Scenario

Q: How do we determine the right kinematics of a fold?

Traditional Kinematic Models: FBF dZ x

Traditional Kinematic Models: FTF → Need understanding of structural type → Complicated to derive velocity-deformation relationship

Physically-based Kinematic Model: Analogous Experiment

Phase I: Distributed Strain Detachment-tip Folding

Phase II: Strain Localization Ramp Overthrusting

Insights of experiment: 1. Maximum Uplift Much higher internal deformation during FTF Phase IPhase II

Insights of experiment: 2. Velocity Field of FTF (Phase I)

Insights of experiment: 3. Comparison with Elastic Model Fault-Tip Fold: → Fault depth is too shallow → Slip is overestimated Phase I

Insights of experiment: 3. Comparison with Elastic Model Fault-Bend Fold: → Fault depth is too shallow → Slip is overestimated Phase II

Example I: Yakeng Anticline, S Tien Shan

dZ x Example I: Yakeng Anticline, S Tien Shan Excess Area  Finite Shortening  Shortening Rate: 0.14 mm/yr for Ma

Example I: Yakeng Anticline, S Tien Shan

 No age control  Age determined by constant sedimentation rate  Shortening rate could be 2.1 mm/yr for 150 ka  Much faster than 0.14 mm/yr for Ma

Implications  Physically-based kinematic model offers an approach to model geologic deformation in terms of seismic cycles  Combining with coseismic deformations, one can determine the inelastic deformation in the medium and possibly folding mechanism

Example II: Anjihai Anticline, N Tien Shan

Pretectonic

Example II: Anjihai Anticline, N Tien Shan

Mismatch of Tn:  Change of tectonic pattern  Different age of Ts and Tn